Media - News values and New Media - XXX Flashcards
What are the news values which pick how news stories are selected? 5
- Agenda Setting (media tells you what to think about - Cohen)
- Globalisation, new technology, citizen journalism (new tech means new is 24/7, citizen journalism means news is less bias)
- Influence of owners (owners pick political perspective and have ultimate control)
- Profit making (advertisements, dumbing down of news to appeal to audience)
- Organisational constraints (journalists want news stories first not correct)
What is norm setting?
The way media emphasises and reinforces conformity to social norms and isolate those who do not conform by making them victims of bad news reports.
What is Becker’s hierarchy of credibility?
Journalists attach the greatest importance to the views of the powerful groups and individuals. (Supports agenda setting)
Hall 1978 said these people are primary definers - experts who journalists go to get news/opinions/info from. (influence of owners)
What is ‘churnalism’?
News reports based on what others claim about events rather than what reporters discovered for themselves.
(organisational constraints)
Davies 2008 - 80% of news stories are second hand.
What did Stuart Hall say about the news being socially constructed?
Journalists ignore what they regard as radical news - they share the interests of dominant ideology (norm setting)
How is ‘citizen journalism’ an argument against the idea that the news is socially constructed?
Everyday people have the power to create the news through social media (Pluralist Jean Blondel)
What do pluralists argue about social construction of news? 2
News isn’t socially constructed.
- Williams argues news represents world truthfully. Role of journalists is to distinguish between what matters most and least.
- Jones 1986 argues news is balanced and fair.
Examples of pluralists views on social construction of news? 3
- Gatekeepers regulate news
- 2009 expenses scandal - shows not always powerful who benefit
- New media - everyone can have their say.
What is the definition of new media?
Digital technologies which are used for mass communication.
What are the differences between new media and old media? 6
Digital (Curran and Seaton 2010 - format of media has changed - portable)
Interactive (Boyle 2007 digital environment)
Accessible (24/7)
Control Shift (Demand - led Boyle 2005)
Diverse
Convergence (Curran and Seaton 2010 media connected)
What are the positives views of new media? 3
NEOPHILIACS - those who are positive about new media.
- They say it creates more consumer choice - 24/7 news (democratic) and increased participation in spread of information.
- Boyle 2007 - devices can be individualised by user e.g. apps.
- Citizen journalism has led to ‘collective intelligence’ (Jenkins 2008)
What are the negatives views of the new media? 7
CULTURAL PESSIMISTS - those who are negative about the new media.
- Cornford and Robins 1999 - new media is not new as you still need old media.
- Feminists say women haven’t benefited - 91% of those editing Wikipedia are men)
- Commercialisation of internet (used for companies to sell products e.g. cookies)
- Media imperialism - new media has led to westernisation of cultures (undermines other cultures)
- Cult of amateurs Keen 2007 - demise of quality information.
- Candy Floss culture - speaks to everyone but no one. (Harvey - appears there is more choice but there isn’t)
- Digital Divide led to digital underclass (not everyone has access e.g. old)
What did Baudrillard say about the media?
Post - modernist
Reality and media is becoming more blurred - led to produced knowledge and as a result we are living in a ‘simulated, reproduced world’ (unrealistic expectation of society e.g. Coca Cola adverts.
What are other post - modernist views on the media? 3
- Foucault - anti - foundationalism - there are no foundations to knowledge (discourse) and has led to relative truth (true for those who believe it to be)
- Lyotard - language games leads to fake news (to convince people you are right).
- Harvey - narrative is being undermined by images
