(X) topic 3 henry 8th and wolsey: the power couple

Question 1

define a renaissane man

Answer 1

someone who is open to new ideas in politics, culture & education

Question 2

divine right -

Answer 2

the belief that many kings had that they had been appointed by god to rule

Question 3

conformist -

Answer 3

someone who follows the rules of state

Question 4

chivarly -

Answer 4

combination of qualities expected on an ideal knight: courage, honour, courtesy, justice and a readiness to help the weak

Question 5

henry 8th and his tragic youth

Answer 5

in the spring of 1502, his brother died (making him the heir), his mother died the same year & his sister left him to become the queen of scotland

Question 6

henrys views on kingship

Answer 6

he made no distinction of himself as a person and as a monarch - theyre one and the same
father didn’t teach him about leadership as the spare
obsessed with carrying on the dynasty and therefore getting a son

Question 7

henrys initial issues on the throne

Answer 7

needs a wife & heir
people are rioting against henry 7th loosey
hates the council learned in law
reliance of councillers, no political experience

Question 8

royal household -

Answer 8

people who look after the kings everyday needs

Question 9

court -

Answer 9

vast body of people who live with / visit the king regularly

Question 10

privy chamber -

Answer 10

overlooked his finances, advise the king, closer group of mates

Question 11

royal council -

Answer 11

more official advisers who are more specialised: gentry, lawyers, etc.

Question 12

what did henry 8th appoint wolsey that might suggest henry was a part time monarch

Answer 12

allowed wolsey, his minster, greater freedoms than his successor cromwell, leading to him being depicted as the alter rex (ie. the second king)

Question 13

what was wolsey’s background like?

Answer 13

he was the son of a butcher and innkeeper from ipswich. bright from a young age, got a BA degree at the age of 15. became a priest for the job prospects. had to leave his first job as a bursur as he over spent without permission // shows he has a penchant for acting first thinking later

Question 14

why did wolsey rise to power?

Answer 14

he grasped the fact that henry’s enthusiasm for war against france was serious, and he encouraged these warlike ambitions. he was wise and efficient, and stood out against all other powerful men. a very good speaker. wolsey was older than henry by quite a bit and exploited that. he got the job upon the resignation of archbishop warham of canterbury as well as bishop fox of winchester

Question 15

3 key turning points that meant that wolsey was able to rise to power as henry’s chief minister

Answer 15

1514 in negotiations with france he prove himself to be an excellent diplomat
1515? henry insisted on wolsey becoming cardinal
1524 henry requested the resignation of archbishop wareham and appointed wolsey in his place

Question 16

possible foreign policy threats when henry 8th ascends the throne

Answer 16

france and scotland, could be the war on 2 fronts
not part of the league of cambrai 1509 - diplomatically isolated
spain OK cos they have the marriage
france OK
burgundy, secured a trade deal

Question 17

henrys aims

Answer 17

wants war / glory against france to gain the throne
but he cant afford it !
secure marriages and alliances like his father
european recognition of england as a major power
not very concerned about trade
wanted to unit england and scotland? disputed

SUCCESSES
FAILUES
treaty of london
truce with france
battle of flodden
battle of the spurs
tournai france
FCG
treaty of more

Question 18

Field of the Cloth of Gold (1520)

Answer 18

Meeting between Francis I and Henry VIII in an attempt to prevent future wars.

Question 19

League of Cognac (1526)

Answer 19

An alliance between France, the pope, Venice and Florence against Spain. England did not join.

Question 20

Treaty of Cambrai (1529)

Answer 20

When Francis made peace with Charles, isolating England.

Question 21

Treaty of London (1518)

Answer 21

Treaty involving 20 European rulers. They promised not to attack one another.

Question 22

wolseys legal reforms

Answer 22

tried to make sure there were cheap and impartial courts available to the poor

✓ cute idea
✘ didnt do much to ensure it would continue after he left office, and so it didnt

Question 23

wolseys financial reforms

Answer 23

introduced standard parlimentary tax

✓ tax would relate to how much u made and ur land which makes a lot of sense
✘ still not enough to finance henrys plans; unpopular

Question 24

wolseys admin reforms

Answer 24

reformed privy chamber, to maximise efficiency but really it was about wolsey having the most influence as possible

Question 25

wolseys relations with nobility (theyre not really friends)

Answer 25

✓ offered rewards to those who were willing to work with him eg. earl of worchester
✘ closely monitered them; they all hated him due to his rise to power that sort of came out of nowhere

Question 26

wolseys social reform

Answer 26

tried to help the poor ish
✓ est. an inquiry into enclosed lands & action was taken against people who ignored those laws
✘ impact was small, only on 264 landowners

Question 27

pluralist

Answer 27

someone who holds who holds more than one church at a time (illegal but oh well)

Question 28

stipend

Answer 28

fixed regular sum paid as a salary or as expenses to someone

Question 29

lollard

Answer 29

someone who believed that the church needed to focus more the bible/jeses. their ideas influenced martin luther + the introduction of the protestants

Question 30

praemunire

Answer 30

praemunire - the offence of asserting the authority of the pope in england (against the supremacy of the monarch)

Question 31

why might someone say he was everything that was wrong with the english church

Answer 31

pluralist, absent from his church often, didnt follow his vow of celibacy, used the church to fund his lifestyle

Question 32

how important was wolsey to the church

Answer 32

as papal legate in 1518, he was essentially in charge of the church of england

Question 33

what does the hunne case display

Answer 33

was a lawsuit that many people come back to as an example of injustices that made the english reformation inevitable

Question 34

what happened to richard hunne and why

Answer 34

richard hunne was a rich merchant with reformist sympathies, who was imprisoned + murdered for waging an unprecedented lawsuit that challenged catholic intervention in civil affaris

Question 35

how did hunne’s thing go

Answer 35

was found to possess the wycliffe bible & was imprisoned as a heretic

hunne’s body was found hanging in his cell. it was thought to be a suicide, but the coroner found he’d died from struggle. the jury ruled the death a homicide and 3 men went to prison for it, but onlu for a year

Question 36

how did public perceptions change how the church ran

Answer 36

people were done with papal juristiction having the power to override secular law. it no longer made sense the public, as seen in the the hunne case

acknowling the clergy were ambitious + greedy, + often using resources for their own gain eg. thomas wolsey

there was a variety of other views that were spreading eg. the lollards, the humanists, and the lutherans and the protestants to turn to instead

Question 37

stat that shows churches still had a firm hold on many smaller communities

Answer 37

many places the church was a part of the community, hosting festivals and church ales
many people were still leaving large sums of money in their will to the church (57% of people in devon + cornwall did so between 1520-29)

Question 38

why did henry want to divorce catherine

Answer 38

shes told shes too old to have kids

henrys got his eyes on a younger thing

Question 39

how did henry rationalise his want to divorce cath

Answer 39

it was convinces his marriage to catherine was against divine law (her being his sister in law beforehand) and that was why none of their children made it

Question 40

why did the pope not grant the annulment

Answer 40

cath was charles (head of the roman empire)’s 5th aunt so charles doesnt want to not help her

wolsey didnt have any good relationships in rome that would be of any help to him

Question 41

praemunire

Answer 41

treason by a member o the clergy

Question 42

faction

Answer 42

small organised dissenting group, go against the grain in some way

Question 43

why did the failure to secure henrys divorce lead to wolseys fall from power

Answer 43

wolsey tried to really hard to get the divorce to happen - he was under a lot of pressure, + henry expected it to work out for himself
but he failed to keep a good repetoire with some of the higher ups in rome + so had to work slowly through diplomats with smaller influence

Question 44

why did the anne boleyn faction lead to wolseys fall from power

Answer 44

anne boleyn had a personal distane from the chief minsiter + hoped he would obtain the divorce. when he failed to do this, anne blamed wolsey at every stage.
she had henry under her influence + exploited this. she basically tried to appoint the new abbess of wilton, but wolsey beat her to it.

Question 45

why did the foreign policy failures lead to wolseys fall from power

Answer 45

Wolsey’s decision to push for an Anglo-French alliance (rather than an Anglo-Spanish alliance) has disastrous consequences when Charles V sacked Rome and took the Pope hostage.

Question 46

why did wolseys background lead to wolseys fall from power

Answer 46

• Wolsey was from ‘humble origins’ and his rise to power therefore was strongly disliked by many nobles who believed that he should never wield such power as a ‘commoner’.

Question 47

why did the domestic policy lead to wolseys fall from power

Answer 47

amicable grant of 1525
basically a huge tax subsidy on the country to raise money for the upcoming french war. the people don’t like having to pay more !! so wolsey was popular with like no one

Question 48

why did henry himself lead to wolseys fall from power

Answer 48

henry wasn’t a very political man, so I imagine he took what everyone around him said as gospel + went along with it. it doesn’t appear he had much personal vendetta against wolsey save the divorce, but was ultimately the one to pull the trigger + fire him