(X) topic 2 religious changes Flashcards
what was the gist of northumberland’s religious policy
genuine protestant, with fairly radical views as seen in his support of john hooper & cramner
what religious law was passed in 1550 & what did it mean
the new ordinal, replaced the divine ordination of priests with a government-run appointment system
authorised ministers to preach the gospel and administer the sacraments
what is royal supreme head
what declared edward as the head of the church & not the pope
new treason act year & month
JAN 1552
what did the jan 1552 new treason act say
enforced the Royal Supremacy and meant that it was almost impossible to go against Catholicism.
when did the second book of common prayer get introduced
jan 1552. the protestant stances are set in stone!
how was the second book of common prayer declared legitimate
by the second act of uniformity that was passed in april 1552
what were the forty two articles & what was their fate
articles that summarised the new edwardian protestant religion of england
never passed due to edwards death
how did northumberland learn from somersets mistakes
saw that being wishywashy about religion didnt work, so introduced the second book of common prayer & committed fully
catholic on the privy council had been outmaneuvered & had lost their power & influence on the king
run me through how northumberland gets to power again
- Anti-Somerset faction developed
- Rebellions happen, lots of them
- Edward becomes ill and claims he is being kept prisoner by Somerset
- Somerset takes Edward VI to Hampton Court and Windsor Castle in an attempt to stay in power
- Northumberland brings in allies and removes his opponents from the PC
- Leading Catholics were eventually dismissed in 1550 and Northumberland makes himself Lord President
define idolatry
worshipping of a non jesus
define laity
used to refer to normal people, not members of the church
what did the govt do in jan 1550 to mark the proper change in religion
destroyed all old catholic service books
how was the rejection of idolatry further emphasised in autumn 1550
NOV. all bishops are instructed to pluck down the altars as a rejection of the idolatry of catholicism
who was stephen gardiner, specifically what did he do with religion
lord chancellor to mary, approved of the persecution of the protestants
who was william paget
appointed to the privy council by mary because of his religious beliefs despite his lack of experience. conservative but more tolerant than gardiner
who was john foxe
protestant who went into exile during marys reign. wrote the book of martyrs which described the burnings of marys reign
what were marys main religious aims
• Undo the religious changes made since 1529
• Restore papal authority
• Restore traditional Catholic practices and belief in transubstantiation
• Secure a long-term future for Catholicism by marrying and having children
Persecute those who did not agree with her views
whats with the burnings
over 300 protestants burned for their beliefs in 2 years. she believed this not to be cruel, but a just punishment
how did mary go about deleting what edward had achieved
first act of repeal in 1547
what catholic practices & beliefs were first to be reintroduced
suspended act of uniformity
reintroduction of heresy & treason laws
royal injunctions - restoration of catholic practices eg. holy days
what was the initial sign of support for mary
Large numbers turned up for marys coronation suggests here rule was welcome, whether that was because she was more legitiamate than lady jane grey or her religion cant be known
how was parliament against some of marys decisions
initially refused to repeal the act of supremacy as there were anti papal sentiments
slight factionalism in parliament between gardiner & paget
parliament rejected the reintroduction of heresy laws & only let them slide once mary gave in to not returning monastic land
rebellion against mary?
wyatts rebellion in jan 1554 is argued to be a response to religious change, but also might be about her marriage
emigration away from mary???
Many protestants left england for germany and switzerland (around 800) but ofc this wasn’t an option for the less well off who ig stayed in england & spoke bad of her behind her back
2 “friends” that mary had to kill off when they stopped agreeing with her
Cranmer had committed treason by support jane grey & was executed, this allowed him the opportunity to withdraw his incantations
Gardiner when he proposed the persecution might not be working & he started holding her back
mary has to compromise on property rights
mary recognises the authority of parliament in religious matters, but also prevents a full scale restoration of catholicism as there were not a large number of monastries refunded
name 3 people that supported marys religious change
cardinal pole, william paget, pope
name 3 people that opposed marys religious change
cramner, gardiner, john foxe
how did protestantism continue under mary
Most protestant literature was printed abroad & smuggled into england & the existence from edward’s reign of some 19000 copes of the second prayer book meant that a protestant underground could be sustained
how did mary fail to turn england into a catholic country
failure to produce heir really impacted things
limited time
couldnt bring back chantries or monastries
lots of opposition to marys treatment of protestants
