(B) topic 1 stability of the monarchy Flashcards
date of edward VI’s coronation
20th feb 1547
who emerged as the leader of the regency council initially
thomas seymore, duke of somerset
what elements of catholicism continued in the church of england initally for edward
crucifixes everywhere, stain glass, services in latin
What happened to Edward’s involvement in government affairs over time?
As he became more mature, he became increasingly involved
What was the significance of Edward VI’s second Book of Common Prayer?
proper protestant is england now! denies transubstantiation
How does Edward VI alter the succession?
he doesn’t want catholic mary up, elizabeth refused to break succession rules, thus leaves it to lady jane grey (who has a husband which is good cos we cant have a woman) (changed his mind at the very last minute)
when did edward VI die
6th july 1553
what did henry decided about who would rule while edward was young
16 councilors to be in charge- the regency council. they were to be a balance of reformists and otherwise. they could only make choices with the written consent of the majority
duke of somerset’s rise to power
helped up to success by being brother of jane seymour, henry 8th third wife. entered the privy council in 1541
duke of northumberland’s rise to power
was the eldest son of henry VII’s best tax collector. joined privy council in 1547
how did northumberland overthrow somerset
succeeds somerset by challenging his leadership & overthrowing him & becoming lord president of the council. he chose to be lord president over lord protector because how poorly it went for somerset
how did somerset become unpopular
due to his autocratic methods & failure to maintain law and order when there were mounting rebellions over religious & social issues.
northumberland’s fall from power
northumberland died on the scaffold for resisting marys assumption of the crown.
but somehow his legacy is good because he made peace with both scotland and france.
problems faced by edward VI
at war with france & scotland minor, has limited control over decision no money rising population pressure to get the french throne in his fathers will potential for religious rebellions
who was stephen gardiner in the context of edward
a religious conservative who was sent to prison for refusing to enforce cramner’s reformist injunctions. he remained in the tower until edwards death
rundown of somerset’s fall from power
he found his power had been weakened after a variety of battles against some rebels, so he attempted to keep power by abducting edward & making a dash for windsor castle. gentry didnt rally behind him as he had expected and thus he found himself in the tower. he was given a short reprise to the privy council, but eventually was condemned to death on account of treason
who headed the anti-somerset faction
wriothesley. opposed somerset’s religious changes & his methods to rule
what changed the succession crisis in 1553
the devise for the succession was altered, labelling both mary & elizabeth as illegitimate thus lady jane grey’s heirs are is up next after edward
what was lady jane grey’s connection to this all
henry VII’s great-granddaughter
Who was Mary betrothed to when she was 2?
Heir to the throne of France, Dauphin (prince), in a ceremony that mimicked all the features of a real wedding.
What was Mary and Charles V’s plan?
For Mary to escape to France. But this changed when Anne died, and Mary made attempts to get a better relationship with her father - but it wouldn’t be so easy. She would attempt again during Edward’s reign, but she was told that if she left and edward soon died, she would be striked off the succession line: there was much confusion, but she decided to stay, having decided that God would want her to be the rightful queen.
What was one of the first acts of Mary’s reign?
bring in army to scare off Lady Jane Grey, with the public backing her.
rewrite history: changing the laws that determined Mary’s parents’ marriage was legitimate and so was she
Why were there concerns over Mary’s marriage to Philip?
The english hated the idea of having a spanish leader. they worried they would be brought into wars that did not concern them, and didnt want someone without a vested interest running their country.
Mary swore on the sacrament she would marry philip & thus she was not about to change her mind
How did Mary and Philip feel about one another?
Marys wanted hers to be known as a pure marriage, with the aim of procreation. It would appear mary was genuinely smitten, where the only thing we know about philips point of view is that he was held in high regard for dealing with a woman that would not give him satisfaction. It was presented as a new catholic start for the country.
What happened to Cranmer?
Was found guilty of treason, and was sentenced to be burned alive. He recanted and took to Catholicism - a perfect propaganda. They tried to take advantage of this perfect storm & have him speak to a large group of people, but he renounced his recantation, claimed the Pope was the anti-Christ. He was dragged into burning – burning the hand with which he had recanted first. Thus, this had been hubbub that Mary could have avoided had she not been so desperate for vengeance.
What problems was Mary faced with the in later years of her reign?
The influenza epidemic & that philip had had been having affairs
What was the impact of Mary’s loss of Calais?
Destroyed her credibility & the final embarrassment.
what the factions under mary in disagreement about
privy council was divided on the issue of who mary should marry: philip ii of spain or earl of devon
how did mary move around the privy council
+ reappointed some councillers that had been under edward achieving administrative continuity
- too large & faction ridden to be able to function effectively
parliament success & failures under mary
+ she worked pretty hard to limit philips involvement
- there was decent amount of opposition to her marrying philip & opposition to religious change
success for mary with revenues
additional duties being placed on the imports of non essential goods, increasing customs revenues!!
poor relief successes & failures under mary
+ local initiatives against grain hoarding
- high taxation to pay for war hit the poor the hardest & epidemic disease on a vast scale & harvest failure. some where marys fault, some not
relationship with scotland under mary
french scot alliance is renewed, though shaky
inherited a war
4k english troops sent to scotland to protect the boarder
relationship with france under mary
a fair few soldiers at the boarders for safety
lost calais (final nail in the coffin)
relationship with holy roman empire under mary
getting on well, esp since married a spainard & theyre the same religion
relationship with the netherlands under mary
Trading relations broke down due to Charles’ opposition to the religion of the time
temporary trade embargo in 1551 as a result
why were people worried about having a minor on the throne
he cant march them into battle & cant control factional struggles & image to other countries
why was somerset’s assumption of power unsuprisin
he was edwards uncle & had built a reputation as a soldier during the campaigns against scots in the 1540s
who was the only female ruler before mary & what happened
mathilda in the 12th century & there was a civil war
where was the wyatts rebellion
kent
what were the causes of the wyatts rebellion
upset about mary marrying & religion
why did northumberland want lady jane grey to be queen
as a protestant he would lose out on mary becoming queen & his son was married to her
what had to be done to edwards coin to make him appear intimidating
he had to be put on a horse in the pattern
henrys wishes about regency council vs what happened
wanted it to be 16 councillers each with equal power giving opinions // somerset sort of naturally placed himself as the leader, being of very good reputation with his military background. still some said this had gone against henrys wishes
why might people be apprehensive of a queen
the last queen was matilda who started a civil war so not great
factions under mary // those who supported philip to be king
paget
faction under mary // those who were against philip to be king
earl of devon, gardiner
why were some against philip
would get england involved in a war against the ottomans
foreigner as leader
conspiracy about wyatt rebellion
not very well documented, only by someone very close to it
so they think its possible it wasnt acutally only about the marriage
who were somersets main haters
northumberland/ warwick at this point
paget
wriothesley
under northumberland
crown debts were reduced considerably
prioritised peace in the realm - didnt want somersets madness
made use of parliament
everyone seemed to get on with him
called himself lord president over protector to be /different/
what did mary i die of
ovarian or uterine cancer
when did mary i die
nov 1558
