(A) topic 4 reign of henry 8th after 1529 Flashcards
why did henry 8th want a reformation
he wants a divorce bby! pope failed to grant permission. henry felt he needed this divorce to secure the future of his country + thus he needed
a way to end papal juristiction in england + transfer those powers to the king. he’s got an ego. he doesnt like it when things get in the way of what he wants
why does thomas cromwell wants the reformation
hes a protestant sympathiser with a hidden agenda of want the country to become anti papal. also hes up henrys bum + wants him to be pleased
why does parliment want a reformation
under pressure from the king to get a divorce going
example of the reformation resulting in a death DEAR JOHN I MISS U NOW THAT UR GONE
in 1538, john lambert was executed for rejecting transubstantiation
explain the religious motives for the dissolution of the monastries
monks behaving badly show the corruption the system + cromwell wants these upholders of traditional religion gone cos the protestants dont do none of that
explain the financial motives for the dissolution of the monastries
this is what henry was invested it probs. henry had spent a lot of his money on the war against france + needed to save up for the possibility of an invasion from the catholic countries that would have been annoyed with him for leaving. also gave henry some more land.
why was the the dissolution of the monastries a massive loss for the community
“the rich get richer, while the poor suffered from not having monastries available for social relief”
QUICK FOUR REASONS HENRY 8TH DISSOLVED MONASTRIES
religious reasons (protestants dont do monastries) - financial - land - corruption
Why was Henry able to dissolve the monasteries (refer to the Reformation Parliament)?
reformation parliament gave soverign power was made supreme, giving monarch + parliament power over the church
What did the Act for the Dissolution of the Lesser Monasteries state?
effected monasteries with less than 12 people or worth less than £250. they were dissolved, secularlised or sent to larger monastries
What was the reason behind Cromwell’s visitations?
sent by henry to note irregularities + abuses within the monastries. but also henry wants the money + land
How did Cromwell and Henry justify the dissolution of the monasteries?
scandals + abuses within the monastries
What did the second Act of Dissolution say?
dissultion of all remaining monastries, with all money + land going to the crown
What was the purpose of monasteries?
they were a large part of the community essentially the social welfare system, doing the role of hospitals schools care homes orphanages inns
What were the immediate results of the dissolution of the monasteries?
all the land + wealth went to the crown + key administrators
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How did Elizabeth Barton oppose the dissolution of the monasteries and what happened to her?
a well known visionary nun, elizabeth publicly criticised the divorce, the break with rome + the rise of the clergy. she was killed in 1534 with six supporters.
Who else opposed the English Reformation and what happened to them?
sir thomas moore was replaced + unable to accept the divorce so was executed. similar story for bishop john fisher of rochester
why did the pilgrimage of grace come about
because of troubles with tax collectors as well as fear of religious change. there were rumours flying that these tax collectors would
who was the leader of the pilgrimage of grace
robert aske who was inspired by religious motives. executed
how did the battle portion go in the pilgrimage of grace
armed forced assembled of 30,000 men. aske really wanted this to be peaceful. he pleaded his case to the duke of norfolk but eventually was
what religion was thomas cromwell
PROTESTANT
cromwells early years succintly
from putney, low birth high ambition. his first role seems to be serving on the continent
what did cromwell do before he became henrys bitch
trained as a lawyer, travelled widely + sat in parliment in 1523. also worked for wolsey + helped him out with the suppression of some monastries in the 1520s
the 4 given reasons for cromwell’s rise to power
right place right time - ability to please the king - hardworking personality - connections with people in high places
examples of cromwell knowing whats good for him
avoided foreign policy cos he knew henry wouldnt like it, distanced himself from wolsey before his fall from grace. had the forsight to avoid things that would put him in a bad way with henry
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one big thing cromwell accomplished in regards to the wives
secured the annulment of the kings marriage to catherine of aragon
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how much money was coming into the pockets of the royals from the church before cromwell switched it up?
240,000 pounds
the court of augmentations was set up for what role
most important financial group. organised the money that came from the dissolution of the monastries
the court of general surveryors was set up when + for what role
in 1542, to administer crown lands, handle cases and register leases
court of first fruits and tenths was set up when + for what role
1540 to collect from clerical benefices certain money that had been previous sent from rome
wards and liveries was set up when + for what role
1542 to deal with the money owed to the king by virture of his position as a fuedal lord
changes made to the privy council under cromwell
became more permanent + centralised to serve the principla members of the day. was given official status to run the country in the event of a royal absense or illness. reduced to 19 members who were specialised in a focus group eg. church, finance, education, law
parliment sees a gain in the things they can discuss
can now deal with religion
cromwell cementing royal authority in the regions
reforming the council of the north + setting up administration in wales and the north. brought pale under english control + places english soldiers there to enforce english law
act of union of 1536 did what
formally brought wales under english control
whats the pale
4 small counties surrounding dublin, responsible for much of the power of the country
4 small counties surrounding dublin, responsible for much of the power of the country
pale
whos cramner
he was a young smart boy with ties to the boleyn family. started off as an ambassador to charles 5th but then chosen by henry to be ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. he was vaguely reformist in his views and ended up dying for being protestant at the hands of mary 1st
why was cramner ideal for cromwell
he supported the cromwells reforms to the church + supported henrys divorce
cramner had a large part of writing the ten articles. remind me what they are again?
an act from 1536 which rejected 4 of the 7 sacraments and confirmed only 3: baptism, eucharist and penance
the royal injunctions were ordered by cromwell in 1538. remind me what they are again?
ordered an english bible to present in all parishes within 2 years, discouraged pilgrimages and ordered the removal of relics
cramner was head of the community of bishops that write the bishops book. what was it about
pub in 1537. status of priests was kept vague, as was mass and purgatory, all these issues had been central to catholicism and this book was seen as reducing their importantce
why might people oppose the reformation
confusion! people have thought this way their whole lives + now everythings changes. esp when theres stress if you’ll go to hell or not
treason act 1534 say what
a person can be put to do for treason for even thinking in opposition to the king and his religious wishes. you cant speak or write critically of him + u are obliged to swear oaths accepting the changes.
why was the treason act 1534 introduced
he figured most people would only be vaguely upset about this change. so making it treason to speak badly of the reformation would mean only the most hard core catholics would be willing to oppose it.
how did elizabeth barton oppose the reformation + how did that go for her
she maliciously opposed henrys divorce, claimed it was heretic
she gained support, became known as the nun of kent, and was hanged in spring 1534
how did john fisher oppose the reformation + how did that go for him
he was a lover of catherine of aragon, dead religious. pope wanted him to be the next cardinal. thus he refused to accept henry as the supreme head of the church of england and upheld the catholic churchs doctrine of papal supremacy
henry was worried john fisher would become more of a problem in the future, so he was executed 6th july 1535
how did thomas more oppose the reformation + how did that go for him
thomas believed any religious changes had to come from the catholic church itself to be legitimate and so refused to swear the oath in the act of succession.
he was charged and tried in may 1535
3 reasons for cromwells fall from power
henrys displeasure with anne of cleaves being chosen as a wife, nobility didnt like him from the beginning, was found to have sent incriminating letters to lutherans
date of cromwells beheading and his age at the time
28th july 1540. he was 55
faction that existed within henrys court
catholic faction, boleyn faction
john foxe opinion of if henry was manipulated by those around him
“when wicked counsel… had gotten a foot in… thrusting truth and verity out of the princes ears” aka yes henry was constantly at the mercy of his counsel, constantly overlly influenced by their counsel
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why did henry decide to wage war against scotland in 1542
ames failed to attend a meeting with henry in 1541 so henry felt slighted + waged war. also he was upset James held some rebels that had fled north after the pilgrimage of grace. also the Anglo-imperial alliance of 1542 was a threat.
mini war with france: england tries to capture boulogne in 1544
BAD cost £2m, used up all dissolution of monasteries good, he sort of went looking for drama maybe he wanted the glory of his younger self + with Catherine Howard
GOOD makes English military look good cos they did it without help secured northern boarder
eek the league of cambrai
the league of cambrai had diplomatically isolated henry 8th by the end of his reign
henry viii success with scotland
english won at solway nov 1542 after an invasion
married proposed between MQS and ed tudor
1544 raids on scottish towns
henry viii failures with scotland
marriage + accompanying treaty between MQS + ed tudor was rejected by parliament
instead MQS married french dauphin, further cementing auld alliance
when + how does henry viii officially sever ties with rome
1533 upon finding out anne boleyn is preggers, needs to speed up the divorce procss with catherine of aragon
declares the act in restraint of appeals - that certain issues could only be authorised by english authorities. therefore, the divorce now only needs the approval of the archbishop of canterbury - thomas cramner, henrys bestie
what was henrys motivation for the break from rome
wants a divorce, wouldnt get it - catherine was older + had failed to provide him a son
power - not too believable since he did spend so long trying to gain the popes approval but there we are
money! could get money from the church, though this only happened significantly once the dissolution of greater ministries started in 1939
the dissolution of greater monastries started in
1539
how did thomas cramner meet his end
was burnt under mary tudor for heresy
how did thomas cramner have an influence
chaplain to the boleyns
ambassador to charles v
appointed archbishop of canterbury
aided the marriages from catherine 1 through to jane seymore
probably behind the protestant prayer books under edward 6th
introduced protestant prayer books under edward 6th
stats about the dissolution of greater monastries
40,000 rebels assembled
ratio of rebels to military troops assembled was 5:1
