(A) topic 1 government of henry 7th Flashcards
henry tudor became king by
Henry Tudor defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in Aug 1485
from where did henry tudor enter the uk
through the south of wales because he had family there.
how was sir william stanley vital to the outcome of the battle of bosworth
he stepped in at the last minute to support henry with his army. it changed the course of the battle and allowed henry to win
why was henry’s position on the throne weak
had weak blood ties to the throne
was a stranger to england
knew little about governing.
what issues did henry face after the battle of bosworth
lots of conspiracies against him from yorkists who didnt want him on the throne
what were henry initial aims as king
security, to establish a dynasty
financial security, tax people lots
wanted to show england to be a united country, in marrying elizabeth of york
sanctuaries??
where the church can offer protection to criminals from the law for up to 40 days. becoming a source of dispute with the crown
the gist of the lovell and stafford uprising
while henry 7th was travelling north 1486 on a royal progress, they tried an ambush
henry continued on with his life, but sent an army to offer ultimatum: pardon or death
lovell fled to flanders but the staffords were captured arrested, one executed and the other changed loyalties
how do all these rebellions make henry look
it only boosted the reputation of Henry as a vigilant and cut throat king, who wouldn’t stand for any rebellions. They were made an example of as seen in the quick executions.
who was young lambert simnel pretending to be
edward iv (one of the boys in tower)
list me some people who supported lambert simnel
the yorkists really want a yorkist on the throne
margaret of burgundy gave some money and soldiers (2k)
the irish !!! they officially crowned him ed iv
when did the simnel rebellion really get going and how
in june 1487 they start to march south from lancasire but not many people joined
the lambert simnel rebellion it all comes to a head with a battle
the battle of stoke sees lincoln’s 8000 men face the royal army of 12,000 and ill let u guess who wins. the man himself is thought to be dead
punishments for the lambert simnel rebellion?
symonds the priest got life in prison
simnel was sent to work in the royal kitchen (aww henry realised he was just a young boy being exploited)
how was this lambert simnel rebellion a success
lasted many months, where henry was not aware/on top of it
got assistance from lots of people who believed simnel’s claims
battle of stoke was not easily won
how was this lambert simnel rebellion a failure
army didnt stand a chance against the bigger and better royal army
failed to gain widespread support when it mattered most
who was richard symonds
a priest from oxford that hyped up pretender lambert simnel. he crowned and bore witness to him becoming king
who is perkin warbeck
1491 he walzed onto the scene in ireland, a french boy saying he is richard duke of york
this is an issue becuase henry cant disprove it cos then hed be admitting he killed him
spy network first victim
implicates sir william stanley, leading courtier who was a massive help in the battle of bosworth. his executiong showed henry would spare no one
sep 1497 seven year truce between scotland is signed
TREATY OF AYTON
the perkin warbeck rebellion ended with a whimper
warbeck goes to south west england to find support NO devon NO exeter NO taunton NO. warbeck has been abonded by his followers save a couple thousand + he flees to sanctuary in hampshire where he makes a full confession
punishment the perkin warbeck rebellion ??
lived at court, escaped, in tower of london, made plans to cause trouble
1499 warbeck was hanged
earl of warwick was found guilty of treason + executed a week later
retainer
small armed force kept by a noble
order of the garter
highest order of chivalry similar to a prize form knighthood
bonds and recognizances
written agreements - nobles who offended the king had to pay money as a guarantee of good behaviour
acts of attainder
bill passed declaring that person a criminal
encourages loyalty as good behaviour could result in its reversal
using fear tactics, might not result in actual loyalty, just people not wanted to loose out. made him unpopular.
limited retainers
In 1504, made proclamation that one needs a license to retains, and there are heavy fines to instill this. People didn’t have the means to oppose him directly.
unable to abolish it completely.
feudal rights
the feudal lord had the right to take a tenant’s land if he died without heirs; if he did have heirs, the lord was entitled to compensation
restoration of crown lands
getting land back from nobles.
the crown had 5x more land by the end of Henry VII’s reign than in the reign of Henry VI.
innovation of henry 7th to reward his people!!! without rly giving them more power
he came up with innovative ways to reward his nobility - order of the garter or seat at kings council - without giving them extra land or wealth that might result in them becoming overly powerful
henrys main aims
country economically + financially stable become king eliminate opposition unite york + lancastire create tudor dynasty stabilise power dynamics
sort of invented the central govt - kings council
small core group of councillers to advise king
eg. john morton + richard fox
two smaller committees to improve efficiency
court of requests + council learned in law
the court of requests AKA the court for poor men’s causes
dealt with individual requests from normal people
council learned in law
legal committee - no jury so as to prevent bribery
the council learned particularly hated & resented. so much so that upon henry’s death, both the leaders were both promtly arrested for fraud and executed
court of general surveryors
checked revenue coming from lands that was owned by the king under the fuedal system
personnel in govt nickname
came from the church + nobility. steven gunn called them the “new men” serving the “new monarchy”
clerics
the educated buch of the council
new men
tenry didn’t rely on noblemen, but took anyone with an education to work with him - he needed servants who understood auditing and property laws and administrative skills.
there became more a reliance on gentry than the aristocracy
justices of the peace
lesser landowners who were in charge of upholding law and order as well as had the ability to hold courts
what does it mean to prorogue
to suspent parliment without formally dissolving it
extraordinary revenue
money that was not ordinary and usually raised on in times of need from taxation or in times of emergency
fuedal dues
money that goes to the king by those who held land from him, in return for avoiding military service
wardship
money that was not ordinary and usually raised on in times of need from taxation or in times of emergency
why did henry 7th need to increase royal funds
to afford his lavish lifestyle protect scottish boarder fund army reward gentry inherited debt
henrys ways of getting money
parliament wardship bonds and recognisances acts of attainder treaty of etaples fuedal dues
change in annual income under henry 7th
the annual income from the crown lands had increased from £29,000 in 1495 to £42,000 in 1509
change in crown income under henry 7th from one year to the next STAT
the crown income rose to about £113k
which was still much smaller than the income of the french king at the time which was about £800k per year
list some yorkist weaknesses
lack of a figurehead: richard 3rd died, as did his brother.
margaret made her prescence known by supporting rebels, but couldnt be leader as she was a woman
rebels were quickly despelled eg. edward, earl of warwick + lamber simnel
failure to collect large amount of people to go into battle
list how the reconciliation of yorkists happened
henry marries elizabeth of york (R3’s neice)
united the two houses with the tudor rose that was everywhere
achieved pledge of loyalty from one of R3’s nephews (the other was left in the tower but oh well)
henrys attempts to control the nobility
act of attainder order of the garter limiting retainders fuedal rights kings council bonds and recognances
how was henrys aim to increase royal funds successful
gained 5x land
max crown income was 113k
many criminal acts were moved to be punishable by fines rather than prison
how was henrys aim to increase royal funds unsuccessful
LOTS of opposition to taxation
had to take out loans for coronation + wedding
smuggling continued, failed to get a control on customs tax
henrys struggle to get control in ireland
managed control in the pale, the area around dublin
1494 ponyings law was a failure! henry sort of admitted defeat + moved to allow the traditional irish families to keep control of the area
year of lovell conspiracy
1486
who was at the head of the lovel conspiracy
lovel + the two stafford brothers
yorkists + best mates with R3
the lovell conspiracy wasnt that serious…
didnt even stop the royal progess + helped henry get a rep as an upholder of justice and the law
year of the cornish rebellion
may 1497
reasons for the cornish rebellion
being asked to pay tax for a potential invasion from the northern border (warbeck x scottish vibes) but arent bothered bc its so far
play by play of the cornish rebellion
rebels marched all the way to london (15k)
henrys army of 25k easily crushed the rebellion at blackheath
all leaders were killed or heavily fined
why was the cornish rebellion not too serious
they werent actually trying to kill henry, they had placed the blame of the unfounded tax on the counsellers instead
why was the cornish rebellion a bit deep
this is a whole decade into henrys reign, and he’s not getting any let up !!
all leaders were killed or heavily fined, suggests henry was taking it seriously
perkin warbeck was the longest running rebel
1491-99
who was perkin warbeck pretending to be
richard of shrewbury, duke of york
one of the boys in the tower, assumption being that since he was actually been killed, henry couldnt parade him around
there were international levels to warbecks rebellion
had support of holy roman emperer at the time, maximilian
margaret of burgundy
william stanley, lord chamberlain! found through spy network
married james iv of scots’S COUSIN
lambert simnel was pretending to be
edward, earl of warwick
so u dont need to think… rank the rebellions under henry vii from most to least serious
perkin warbeck
lambert simnel
yorkshire rebellion
cornish rebellion
lovell conspiracy
