X-rays and gamma rays

Question 1

What are the characteristics of X-rays and gamma rays

Answer 1

• At the end of the EM spectrum
• They have the shortest wavelength and the highest frequency
• Considered to be ionising

Question 2

How are X-rays used

Answer 2

• Used to view the internal structure of an object
• X-rays are fired at the human body. Dense materials (bone) absorb the radiation while organs (lungs and intestines) allow it to pass through
• Detector plate receives radiation and marks image as black in the area where radiation was received
• Shows dense areas (bone) in white

Question 3

Pros and cons of X-rays

Answer 3

• Cause a small amount of radiation to patient
• Worth the risk as it helps identify broken bones and other diseases
• Quick and cheap
• Staff are most exposed to radiation but they wear a lead apron to protect themselves

Question 4

What is gamma radiation used for

Answer 4

• Medical tracers
• Treat cancer
• Sterilisation

Question 5

How are gamma rays used in sterilisation

Answer 5

• Mainly used to sterilise food and medical equipment
• Allows us to kill microorganisms without causing damage
• Alternative is boiling water but this can damage the equipment

Question 6

What must be considered when using X-rays and gamma rays

Answer 6

• We must always consider the pros and cons
• X-rays and gamma rays are both ionising and can harm humans