x Flashcards
what is the electron configuration of scandium
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹4s²
what is the electron configuration of titanium
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d²4s²
what is the electron configuration of vanadium
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d³4s²
what is the electron configuration of chromium
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁵4s¹
what is the electron configuration of manganese
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁵4s²
what is the electron configuration of iron
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁶4s²
what is the electron configuration of cobalt
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁷4s²
what is the electron configuration of nickel
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d⁸4s²
what is the electron configuration of copper
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s¹
what is the electron configuration of zinc
1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²
bidentate ligand
Donates 2 lone pairs forms two co-ordinate bonds
sterioisomerism
same structural formula but a different arrangement of the atoms in space
what are the 2 types of stereoisomerism that complex ions can show?
- cis- trans isomerism
- optical isomerism
precipitation reaction
occurs when 2 aqueous solutions containing ions react together to form an insoluble solid, called a precipitate
monodentate ligand
donates 1 lone pair forming a co-ordinate bond
bidentate ligand
Donates 2 lone pairs forming two co-ordinate bonds
[Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺to [Cu(NH₃)₄(H₂O)2]²⁺
- pale blue solution change to dark blue solution
- when excess of aqueous ammonia
- intermediate is blue of Cu(OH)₂
[Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ to [CuCl₄]²–
- pale blue solution changes to a yellow solution
- when excess conc. HCl is added
- intermediate green solution forms
[Cr(H₂O)₆]³⁺ to [Cr(NH₃)₆]³⁺
- violet solution changes to a purple solution
- excess aqueous ammonia
- intermediate is green-grey of Cr(OH)₃
what should you always do when carrying out qualitative analysis tests?
- add reagent drop-wise
- so that all observations are observed
which complex ions show cis- trans isomerism
4- coordinate and 6-coordinate complex ions containing 2 different monodentate ligands
which complex ions show both cis- trans and optical isomerism
6- coordinate complex ions containing monodentate and bidentate ligands
what is the bond angle between identical ligands in cis-isomer of square planar complexes
90
what is the bond angle between identical ligands in trans- isomer of square planar complexes
180
how can cis- trans isomers exist in octahedral complexes
four of one type of ligand and 2 of another type of ligand
how can optical isomers exist in octahedral complexes
containing 2 or more bidentate ligands
what are optical isomers also known as?
enantiomer
what is a feature of optical isomers?
non- superimposable mirror images of each other
disproportionation of Cu²⁺ions
- Cu₂O and hot dilute H₂SO₄
- Cu is brown solid
- CuSO₄ is blue solution
[Cu(H₂O)₆]²⁺ to Cu(OH)₂
- pale blue solution to pale blue precipitate
- add NaOH (aq)