Last Minute Stuff I Still Don't Know Flashcards
Nucleophilic addition reactions of ethanoic acid with NaBH4
See page 458
Nucleophilic addition of carbonyl compounds with HCN/ H+(aq)
Page 458
How so you show the weak acidity of phenols
- does neutralise NaOH
- doesn’t neutralise carbonates
Why is phenol classed as a weak acid?
- phenol partially dissociates producing phenoxide ion and a proton
Identify a carbonyl compound from the melting point of the derivative
- add 2,4- DNP
- yellow precipitate
- recrystallise the precipitate and measure the melting point
- compare the melting point with the known compounds
Water solubility of carboxylic acids in terms of hydrogen bonding
- C=O and O-H are both polar
- both form hydrogen bonds
- larger the carbon chain, decreasing solubility after 4 carbons
Describe how you would obtain a pure dry sample of alkene from the reaction mixture
- use separating funnel to separate organic layer and aqueous layer
- drying with anhydrous salt
- redistillation
Draw the formation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids
- use SOCl2
- page 466
Formation of CH3NH2 from CH3Cl
See notes
Formation of (CH3)2NH from CH3Cl and CH3NH2
See notes
Formation of (CH3)3N from (CH3)3N
See notes
Why do amines act as base
-lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen can accept a proton
Draw amino acid with HCl
See notes
Draw amino acid with NaOH
See notes
Draw reaction between amino acid and ethanoic acid
See notes
Draw reaction the acid hydrolysis of an ester
Page 468
What are the products of acid hydrolysis
- carboxylic acid
- alcohol
Draw the alkaline hydrolysis of an ester
See page 468
What are the products of alkaline hydrolysis?
- sodium salt
- alcohol
Draw alkylation of benzene
Page 492
Reaction of acylation
Page 492
Draw formation of a nitrile from a haloalkane and name mechanism
Page 490
Nitriles to carboxylic acid
- add H2O
- add HCl(aq)
- heat
Equipment for filtration under reduced pressure
- buchner flask
- buchner funnel
- pressure tubing
- filter paper
- vacuum pump/ filter
How to perform filtration under reduced pressure
- ## fit buchner funnel to the Buchner flask ensuring there is a good fit
Do phenols react with CO3^2-
No
Test for carboxyl group
- neutralisation
- effervescence of CO2
Homologous series
a series of organic compounds having the same func onal group but with each successive member di ering by CH2
Structural isomerism
compounds with the same molecular
formula but different structural formulae
Sigma bonds
overlap of orbitals directly between the bonding atoms
Pi bonds
sideways overlap of adjacent p-orbitals above and below the bonding C atoms
the benefits for sustainability of processing waste
polymers by: combustion for energy productions
- burnt to generate steam to drive a turbine to produce electricity
- high stores energy value
the benefits for sustainability of processing waste
polymers by: use as an organic feedstock for the production of plastics and other organic chemicals
Feedstock recycling is able to handle unsorted and unwashed polymers
the benefits for sustainability of processing waste
polymers by:
removal of toxic waste products
Otherwise when burnt, PCV releases HCl(g)
- now uses solvents to dissolve the monomer
the benefits to the environment of development of biodegradable
- break down by microorganisms
- leaves no visible or toxic residues
the benefits to the environment of development of photodegradable polymers.
- bonds weaken by absorbing light to start degradation
- light- absorbing additives can be used
