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OCR CHEMISTRY A > Last Minute Stuff I Still Don't Know > Flashcards

Last Minute Stuff I Still Don't Know Flashcards

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1
Q

Nucleophilic addition reactions of ethanoic acid with NaBH4

A

See page 458

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2
Q

Nucleophilic addition of carbonyl compounds with HCN/ H+(aq)

A

Page 458

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3
Q

How so you show the weak acidity of phenols

A
  • does neutralise NaOH

- doesn’t neutralise carbonates

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4
Q

Why is phenol classed as a weak acid?

A
  • phenol partially dissociates producing phenoxide ion and a proton
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5
Q

Identify a carbonyl compound from the melting point of the derivative

A
  • add 2,4- DNP
  • yellow precipitate
  • recrystallise the precipitate and measure the melting point
  • compare the melting point with the known compounds
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6
Q

Water solubility of carboxylic acids in terms of hydrogen bonding

A
  • C=O and O-H are both polar
  • both form hydrogen bonds
  • larger the carbon chain, decreasing solubility after 4 carbons
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7
Q

Describe how you would obtain a pure dry sample of alkene from the reaction mixture

A
  • use separating funnel to separate organic layer and aqueous layer
  • drying with anhydrous salt
  • redistillation
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8
Q

Draw the formation of acyl chlorides from carboxylic acids

A
  • use SOCl2

- page 466

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9
Q

Formation of CH3NH2 from CH3Cl

A

See notes

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10
Q

Formation of (CH3)2NH from CH3Cl and CH3NH2

A

See notes

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11
Q

Formation of (CH3)3N from (CH3)3N

A

See notes

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12
Q

Why do amines act as base

A

-lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen can accept a proton

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13
Q

Draw amino acid with HCl

A

See notes

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14
Q

Draw amino acid with NaOH

A

See notes

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15
Q

Draw reaction between amino acid and ethanoic acid

A

See notes

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16
Q

Draw reaction the acid hydrolysis of an ester

A

Page 468

17
Q

What are the products of acid hydrolysis

A
  • carboxylic acid

- alcohol

18
Q

Draw the alkaline hydrolysis of an ester

A

See page 468

19
Q

What are the products of alkaline hydrolysis?

A
  • sodium salt

- alcohol

20
Q

Draw alkylation of benzene

A

Page 492

21
Q

Reaction of acylation

A

Page 492

22
Q

Draw formation of a nitrile from a haloalkane and name mechanism

A

Page 490

23
Q

Nitriles to carboxylic acid

A
  • add H2O
  • add HCl(aq)
  • heat
24
Q

Equipment for filtration under reduced pressure

A
  • buchner flask
  • buchner funnel
  • pressure tubing
  • filter paper
  • vacuum pump/ filter
25
Q

How to perform filtration under reduced pressure

A
  • ## fit buchner funnel to the Buchner flask ensuring there is a good fit
26
Q

Do phenols react with CO3^2-

A

No

27
Q

Test for carboxyl group

A
  • neutralisation

- effervescence of CO2

28
Q

Homologous series

A

a series of organic compounds having the same func onal group but with each successive member di ering by CH2

29
Q

Structural isomerism

A

compounds with the same molecular
formula but different structural formulae

30
Q

Sigma bonds

A

overlap of orbitals directly between the bonding atoms

31
Q

Pi bonds

A

sideways overlap of adjacent p-orbitals above and below the bonding C atoms

32
Q

the benefits for sustainability of processing waste
polymers by: combustion for energy productions

A
  • burnt to generate steam to drive a turbine to produce electricity
  • high stores energy value
33
Q

the benefits for sustainability of processing waste
polymers by: use as an organic feedstock for the production of plastics and other organic chemicals

A

Feedstock recycling is able to handle unsorted and unwashed polymers

34
Q

the benefits for sustainability of processing waste
polymers by:
removal of toxic waste products

A

Otherwise when burnt, PCV releases HCl(g)

- now uses solvents to dissolve the monomer

35
Q

the benefits to the environment of development of biodegradable

A
  • break down by microorganisms

- leaves no visible or toxic residues

36
Q

the benefits to the environment of development of photodegradable polymers.

A
  • bonds weaken by absorbing light to start degradation

- light- absorbing additives can be used

OCR CHEMISTRY A (34 decks)

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