WWII Flashcards

1
Q

Manhattan Project

A

1942

top-secret American program to develop nuclear weapons

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2
Q

Japanese Internment

A

the forced incarceration and relocation of Americans with Japanese ancestry
Executive Order 9066
-for the safety of the American people and the responsibility of the Japanese citizen to help the war effort
-unnecessary and not justified by military necessity as only 50-60 in each naval district could be classified as dangerous
-only reasons were racial prejudice, war hysteria and failure of political leadership

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3
Q

Lend-Lease Act

A

provided the Allies with more than $50 billion worth of arms, food, and other supplies

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4
Q

D-Day

A

June 6, 1944

  • Operation Overlord
  • created by General Eisenhower
  • stormed the beaches of Normandy, France
  • General Rommel- Nazi leader of the defense of the coast of France
  • British: Gold and Sword
  • Canadians: Juno
  • Americans: Omaha and Utah
  • result: the French coast is secured by Allied forces
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5
Q

Pearl Harbor

A

December 7, 1941
Japanese surprise attack on US naval base
The US lost 4 battleships, 3 cruisers, 3 destroyers and 174 planes
more than 3,000 Americans killed or wounded
Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan and the Axis Powers.

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6
Q

Bataan Death March

A

In the Philippines after the US surrender of the Bataan Peninsula to the Japanese, approximately 75,000 Filipino and American troops were forced to make a 65-mile march to prison camps.
-subject to harsh treatment and intense heat

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7
Q

Battle of the Bulge

A

last German offense that begun in December 1944

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8
Q

Okinawa

A

April 1945

one of the last two islands America invaded in WWII to reach Japan through the tactic of island-hopping

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9
Q

Iwo Jima

A

February
one of the last two islands America invaded in order to capture key islands to push the Japanese back toward Japan and to near the Japanese mainland

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10
Q

Hiroshima

A

Aug. 6 1945
Japanese industrial city where the US dropped an atomic bomb that killed over 75,000 and turned five square miles to wasteland
-due to the Japanese government’s refusal to surrender as well as to prevent the deaths of millions of Japanese and American forces

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11
Q

Philippines

A

taken by the Japanese in 1941

Bataan Death March in Feb. 1945

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12
Q

Who met at the Yalta Conference?

A

the Big Three:

Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin, and Franklin Delano Roosevelt

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13
Q

What was decided at Yalta?

A
  • planned for the future of Europe
  • divided the German Reich into four zones and assigned France, US, Russia, and Great Britain to rule over them
  • redrew European borders
  • redistributed German imperialist holdings
  • Stalin gets most of reparation money
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14
Q

What was promised at Yalta?

A

Stalin promised to declare war on Japan
an international peace-keeping force was created (UN)
reestablished Eastern European government (democracy)

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15
Q

What was decided at Potsdam about Nazi soldiers?

A

nazi war criminals were to be put on trial in the Nuremberg War Crimes Trial

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16
Q

Importance of Nuremberg

A

proved that the planned murder of people is still a crime even during war

  • charged with crimes against humanity for the murder of millions of Jews and others
  • original 24 defendants, some of Hitler’s top officials
17
Q

What did Nuremberg lead to in the UN?

A

the International Criminal Court

18
Q

creation of Marshall Plan

A

in order to repair the European economy and ensure that another world war would not occur

19
Q

creation of International Criminal Court

A

tries individuals charged with the gravest crimes of concern to the international community: genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity.

20
Q

creation of Israel

A

1948: UN created the country of Israel (formerly Palestine)

- safe place for Jews to live and escape from persecution

21
Q

Navajo code talkers

A

a group of bilingual Navajo Indians recruited by the Marines to develop a code based on the Navajo language to transport intelligence information
-located in Camp Elliott, near San Diego

22
Q

Marshall Plan

A

1948

To boost European economies, the US gave more than $13 billion to help Europe rebuild after the war