Industrial Revolution Flashcards
What were examples of inventions mentioned in Charlie Brown?
- paper bag -football
- comic strip -baseball
- chewing gum -refrigerated railroad car
- ice cream sundae -cable cars
- drinking straw -vacuum
- toothpick -typewriter
- sneakers -billiard ball
- earmuffs -telephone
- 4-wheel roller skates -electric light bulb
- basketball -horseless carriage
patent
government document giving an inventor the exclusive right to make and sell and invention for a specific number of years
Bessemer steel process
uses less coal, so it reduced the price of steel
Thomas Edison
inventor of the electric light bulb and many other devices; had a lab in New Jersey and over 1,000 patents. Edison created the first electric plant
Alexander Graham Bell
inventor of the telephone, by accident and spilled acid on himself and found that sound travels on a line
Christopher L Sholes
inventor of the first practical typewriter
Elias Howe
first patented the sewing machine
Isaac Singer
patented a sewing machine and continued to improve it
Granville T Woods
patented devices to improve telephone and telegraph systems
Margaret Knight
invented machines for packaging and the packaging and shoe making industries
corporation
a business owned by investors who buy part of it through shares of stock
shareholder
an investor who buys part of a company through shares of stock
John D Rockefeller
founder of the Standard Oil Trust and made his fortune by buying out other refineries
horizontal integration
buying out competition and in turn, raising the price
Andrew Carnigie
built US steel industry
vertical integration
control all processes related to manufacture
robber baron
a business leader who became wealthy through dishonest methods
monopoly
when a corporation owns a vast majority of the industry
trust
a kind of monopoly formed when businesses join together in order to hold stock
business cycle
the pattern of good and bad economic times
depression
a period of low economic activity
Gilded Age
the late 1800s in which there was much poverty covered by the wealthy and that there was a stigma that anyone could get wealthy through hard work
tenement
run down and overcrowded apartment houses
slum
neighborhood with overcrowded apartment houses
Jane Addams
urban reformer and suffrage leader who founded the Hull House
Hull House
settlement house founded by Jane Addams that provided daycare, education and healthcare
political machine
an illegal gang that influences enough votes to control a local gang using extortion
Tammany Hall
a political machine in New York City led by William Marcy Tweed that stole money from the city
Jim Crow Laws
laws enacted in Southern states that affected schools, churches and swimming pools
segregation
the separation of races
Plessy v. Perguson
an 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld the legality of segregation
NAACP
the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People formed by reformers
Booker T. Washington
an early leader in the effort to achieve equality; founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. Washington believed that education could gain African American advancement through economic security
W.E.B. DuBois
a sociology professor; believed that African Americans should fight against segregation and pushed for higher education; disagreed with Washington
Knights of Labor
one of the first labor unions in the country and a loose federation of workers from different trades
anarchist
people who are anti-government
negotiate
to make a deal that benefits both parties
strike
when workers band together to gather and refuse to work to attain better wages or working conditions
boycott
to refuse to purchase a product/ use service
assembly line
a system used for mass production where each worker has a part to produce a product
conveyor belt
a belt that moves products along an assembly line at a constant speed
Haymarket Affair
a conflict between union leaders and police, 100 were wounded and 7 were killed in Chicago in a square; union membership dropped
Samuel Gompers
a famous labor leader (the AFL president for 37 years) who created the American Federation of Labor.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
a national organization of unions created by Samuel Gompers; used negotiations, strikes and boycotts to achieve aims
Homestead Strike
at Andrew Carnegie’s steel plant in Homestead, Pennsylvania, wages were cut and striking union workers were locked out and nonunion labor workers and armed guards were hired; violence erupted and 7 died; after 4 months, strike broke
Pullman Strike
a strike that spread throughout the rail industry in 1894; led by Eugene V Debs
Eugene V Debs
called on US Railroad workers to refuse to handle Pullman cars due to cut wages and high rent; rail traffic stopped and President Cleveland ended strike
culture
a belief system of a group of people and actions due to beliefs
Joseph Pulitzer
newspaper owner of the New York World
William Randolph Hearst
newspaper owner of the New York Morning Journal, fierce competitor of Joseph Pulitzer
department store
a new type of store that sold a wide variety of goods; goods were also available through mail catalog
Angel Island
Immigrant processing in San Francisco (Asians)
Ellis Island
Immigrant processing in New York (Europeans)
Chinese Exclusion Act
Banned Chinese immigration for 10 years. Chinese faced major discrimination because they were hard workers.
J.P. Morgan
A banker who gave loans to RR companies and helped them join together.
