WW1 Attempts at Peace

Question 1

briefly, what were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?

Answer 1

GARGLE

Guilt Clause
Armed forces
Reparations
German Territory Lost
League of Nations
Extra points

Question 2

Explain the guilt clause

Answer 2

Germany must accept that is was responsible for the war

Question 3

Explain the Armed Forces Versailles term 7

Answer 3

Military strength of Germany was weakened to prevent aggression

• Army restricted to 100 000 men
• conscription banned
• No submarines, tanks or heavy artillery
• No air force
• No more than 6 battleships
• Rhineland demiliterised

Question 4

Explain the Reparations 4

Answer 4

Reparations were imposed of Germany & other defeated nations at Versailles

• Amount decide by reparations commission in 1921
• Total was £6600 million
• pain in installments until 1984

Question 5

Which Territories did Germany Lose in Versailles? 7

Answer 5

Alsace-Lorraine - returned to France

Saar coalfields- Went to France

Part of Danzig - became “Free City” run by LON

West Prussia & Posen - went to Poland

Upper Silesia - went to Poland

Memel - Given to Lithuania

German colonies became LON mandates

Question 6

Explain League of Nations Term 2

Answer 6

Worldwide forum to resolve international disputes

Excluded Germ & Russia

Question 7

Explain Extra points 3

Answer 7

Austria forbidden from uniting with Germ

Lithuania, Estonia & Latvia became independent

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Germ’s treaty with Russia) to be revoked

Question 8

Why was there tension caused by the Paris Peace Settlement? 3

Answer 8

France pushed for harsh terms of Versailles: Cutting military, guilt clause, high reparations, taking land

Germany couldn’t pay reparations so French occupied the Ruhr

USA refused to sign Treaty of join LON- Most powerful nation wouldn’t enforce Versailles

Question 9

What was the Treaty of Locarno 2

Answer 9

Set up in 1925 by Germ bc Germ needed to comply with some terms of Versailles to improve international relations

Aimed to eventually amend Versailles terms

Question 10

How did Locarno reassure Germany? 4

Answer 10

All nations attending condemned the use of invasion and force unless done in self-defense

This reassured Germ about French invasions

Good working relationship between Briand (French Foreign Minister) & Streseman (German Foreign Minister) at Locarno

France gave Germ enthusiastic welcome when Germ joined LON

Question 11

Explain mutual guarantee at Locarno

Answer 11

Britain & Italy would take action if any 3 nations attacked each other

Question 12

How did Locarno reassure France of it’s security?

Answer 12

It was a treaty of mutual guarantee

Germ acceptance of Western borders

Good working relationship between Briand (French Foreign Minister) & Streseman (German Foreign Minister) at Locarno

Question 13

What did Germany do about Eastern borders at Locarno? 2

Answer 13

Didn’t guarantee borders with Czech & Poland, huge problem bc this is where trouble was most likely to occur

but did sign treaties with Poland and Czechoslovakia renouncing use of force & promising to refer any disputes to LON

Question 14

What was the Locarno Honeymoon?

Answer 14

People were optimistic about Locarno, believing that WW1 madness was finally over & new period of peace would begin

Question 15

What was the Dawes Plan 4

Answer 15

implemented in 1924 to help Germ pay reparations to Belgium, France and Brit

Brit, France and Germ agreed to appoint the commission chaired by Charles G. Dawes in 1923 at London conference

Dawes was 1st director of USA Budget office

Attended by Brit, USA, France, Italy & Belgium

Question 16

How did the Dawes plan assist Germany financially? 5

Answer 16

Reparations total of 132 billion gold marks stayed the same

Debt payed in installments between 1924 & 1929

Amount of annual payments would increase gradually and reach max at 5 years

US loan of 800 million gold marks recommended for Germany

Established Reichsbank under supervision of victorious allies, to avoid inflation & it was forbidden to discount treasury bonds

Question 17

How did the Dawes Plan guarantee German Payments? 3

Answer 17

Guaranteed by German revenues from Germ railways & other key industries

Committee of foreign experts under chairmanship of a US official would ensure payments were made by Germ without damaging its recovery

French & Belgians withdrew from Ruhr but occupation would occur with unanimous consent of creditors if Germ broke rules

Question 18

How was France ingenuine at Locarno? 4

Answer 18

Main reason for signing Locarno was to regain Brit support after being condemned for harshness at Versailles

French Leaders still felt threatened by Germ, esp. if Allies left Rhineland

Felt French power of intervention was undermined at Locarno in section forbidding invasion

France built Maginot line along Germ border to prevent Germ invasion

Britain limited by LON in supporting France

Question 19

How were Czechoslovakia and Poland treated at Locarno?

Answer 19

Weren’t allowed to join the main discussions

only invited at the end to have terms dictated to them