Warlords

Question 1

Yan Xishan

Answer 1

Model Governor
Shanxi province

Ambivalent towards communists

Initially fought against Japanese in Sino-Japanese war

Allied with KMT

Shanxi was on different railway gauge,
prevented invasion but bad for export, main source of Shanxi’s wealth

Denounced peasant oppression by landlords & took steps to implement land reform

Devised system of education that produced trained workers, but who could be easily indoctrinated

Question 2

Feng Yuxiang

Answer 2

Originally officer in Yuan Shikai’s army

Converted to Christianity

Warlord in Shaanxi, Northwest China

Joined Chiang Kai-Shek in Northern Expedition, but then anti Chiang later, Helped KMT in Sino Japanese war, then anti Chiang again

Later fought against Japanese in 1930s

Joined

Question 3

Wu Peifu

Answer 3

Received traditional Chinese education

Originally served under Yuan Shikai’s Beiyang army

Question 4

Zhang Zoulin

Answer 4

Warlord of Manchuria, Leader of Fengtian clique

Originally a Bandit

Implemented reforms in Manchuria that developed agriculture & Industry

Worked openly for Japanese

Became leader of Beiyang govt in 1927 but was then defeated in Northern expedition

Question 5

Zhang Zongchang

Answer 5

Joined Fengtian Clique of Zhang Zoulin

Spoke Russian & recruited Russian White refugees from Russian civil war

Well organised & efficient army

Brutal behaviour

Question 7

Beiyang Government

Answer 7

Government of China after Yuan Shikai’s death

Dominated by Generals of Beiyang army

Question 8

Warlord Era date

Answer 8

1916-1928

Question 9

Northern Expedition date

Answer 9

1926-1928

Question 10

May Fourth movement

Answer 10

1919
Started as student protest in Beijing, against govt’s weak response to Versailles, which allowed Japan to keep Shandong

Germ surrendered Shandong to Japan in 1914

Birth of Chinese communism

Motivated by Chinese Nationalism & anti imperialism

Attacked traditional Confucian ideas & promoted democracy and science