League of Nations 1920-24 Main events

Question 1

Secret Treaty of London

Answer 1

1915
Britain, France & Russia promised Italy Istria, Dalmatia, and Austrian Tyrol assuming the Austro-Hungarian Empire would fall in ww1

In return Italy would join the war

Italy got Tyrol & Istria but not Dalmatia

Question 2

When was the Treaty of Versailles signed?

Answer 2

1919

Question 3

What other treaties were signed at the Paris Peace Conference?

Answer 3

Saint Germain (Austria)
Neuilly (Bulgaria)
Trianon (Hungary)
Sevres (Turkey)

Question 4

Fiume crisis

Answer 4

1919

Italy felt Cheated after WW1, didn’t get territories Brit & France secretly promised

assumed they would get Fiume, bc mostly Italians lived there

Gabriele d’Annunzio marched into Fiume & occupied it

It govt shelled Fiume & then gave it to Yugoslavia

Question 5

What was the Kapp Putsch?

Answer 5

1920, Nationalists and Freikorps lead by Wolfgang Kapp attempted a coup.

Stopped by general workers strike

Question 6

Teschen Dispute

Answer 6

1920, Poland/Czechoslovakia

Teschen rich in coal, was part of Austro-Hungarian empire

55% Polish, but Czechos had historical claim to area

LON split area btw two, neither super happy but accepted ruling

Question 7

Vilna dispute

Answer 7

1920
Poland takes control of Vilna, Lithuania capital

Lithuania appeals to LON

LON protests but Poland just ignores League

League could send in troops to enforce, but France needed Poland as ally & Brit had fomo without France

Question 8

What did the USA do instead of signing Versailes?

Answer 8

Signed a separate treaty with Germany in 1921

Question 9

Aaland Islands Dispute

Answer 9

1921
Sweden & Finland both ready to fight for control of Islands btw the two

Appealed to LON

LON gave Aaland to Finland & Sweden accepted

Question 10

What was the Anglo-Soviet agreement?

Answer 10

1921 trade agreement between Brit and Russia
Opened period of trade and friendliness btw two countries
Lloyd George & Lenin

Question 11

What was the Upper Silesia crisis?

Answer 11

1921
Area had large population of Germs & Poles, tensions btw them

large concentration of mines & industry

Held plebiscite, ambiguous results

Polish started insurgency, German Freikorps fought poles

Allies intervened & handed issue to LON

LON divided area btw Germ & Poland, Poles got larger part of industrial regions

Question 12

What was the Washington Naval Conference?

Answer 12

1921
Developed to promote disarmament, prevent arms race, & stabilise situation in China
4 Power Treaty, 5 Power Treaty, 9 Power Treaty
Reinforced Open Door Policy

Question 13

What other agreements were made at the Washington Naval conference?

Answer 13

Shantung Treaty (Japan returned Shantung & it’s railroad to China)

Question 14

Treaty of Riga

Answer 14

1921, Poland & Russia

Poland invaded Russia

Russia forced to sign Treaty of Riga, which gave over 80 000km^2 to Poland

LON did nothing bc Russia not member & also communist

Question 15

What was the Genoa Conference?

Answer 15

1922, Brit, Germ, France, Russia
Brit trying to fix Germ/French relations

Break deadlock over reparations & help euro economy recover

French refused to discuss any reparations concessions

Germ withdrew & made friends with Russia, who also felt excluded

Question 16

Yugoslavia/Albania Border dispute

Answer 16

Nov 1921
Yugoslav troops enter Albania after border disputes
LON sends commission (Brit, France, It, Japan)
LON makes Yugoslavia withdraw troops

Question 17

What was the Ropallo Pact?

Answer 17

1922, Wiemar Germ & Lenin Russia after Genoa

Established diplomatic relations & economic cooperation

First Treaty recognising Russia’s existence

First Treaty after Versailles where Germ enjoyed equal rights

Made Brit & France sus

Question 18

Chanak Crisis?

Answer 18

Sept 1922
Turkish Forces under Kemal attempted to expel Brit, France & Greek forces from Turkey

They occupied parts of Turkey under Treaty of Sevres

Turks threatened Brits in Chanak, seaport on Dardanelles Strait

Negotiated, Turkey got land it wanted in Lausanne Treaty

Question 19

March on Rome

Answer 19

1922
Middles class scared of socialist revolution after Communists called for general strike

Fascists & Blackshirts marched on Rome, demanded the king dissolve parliament & form new government

King Victor Emmanuel III refused to suppress them, fearing civil war

Mussolini achieved bloodless coup

Question 20

Lausanne Treaty

Answer 20

Nov 1923
Very successful
Brit, France, It, Japan, Greece, Romania, Yugoslavia

Replaced Sevres

Recognised boundaries of modern Turkey

Recognised brit & Italian possessions in middle east

Gave Turkey more independence

Question 21

France & Belgium invade Ruhr

Answer 21

1923-1925

Germ fell behind on reparations

Invaded to seize reparations in form of industrial output

agreed to withdraw under Dawes Plan

Question 22

Miguel Primo De Riveria takes control of Spain

Answer 22

1923
Achieved bloodless coup
Supported by King
developed Spain industry
Military dictator

Question 23

Mussolini Retakes Fiume

Answer 23

1923
Fiume govt threatened with revolution

Mussolini sends troops to “restore order”

Yugoslavia has to accept Fiume now apart of Italy

Question 24

Corfu incident

Answer 24

1923

Conference of Ambassadors defining Greek/Albanian border, supervised by Italian General Tellini

General Tellini killed in fighting across border btw Greece & Albania

Mussolini demanded compensation & occupied Corfu

League condemned Mussolini, said compensation would be payed to League & then given to Mussolini when killers found

Mussolini got Conference of Ambassadors to change ruling & got compensation directly, foreign policy chilled out after that for a little while

Question 25

Memel Dispute

Answer 25

1923, Lithuania & Germany Treaty of Versailles gave LON control of Memel Lithuania invaded in 1923 Lon gave area around port of Memel to Lithuania Rest of Memel would remain international zone