China Qing dynasty & Yuan Shih-Kai Flashcards
Sun Yat-Sen forms revive China society
1894 in Hawaii
Triple intervention
1895
Intervention by Russia, Germ & France
Over Treaty of Shimonoseki signed in that same year after 1st Sino- Japanese war
Made Japan give Taiwan back to China
100 Days Reform
1898
Failed national, cultural, political & educational reform movement
Started by Emperor Guangxu, but then conservatives lead Empress Dowager Cixi staged a coup and took over
she later backed Qing reforms after boxer rebellion
US Open door policy
1899
Policy ensuring all countries had equal trade and investment opportunities in China
Guaranteed China’s “territorial integrity”
Boxer Rebellion
1899-1901
Anti-foreigner movement in China
Empress Cixi supported it and declared war on foreign powers
8 Nation alliance intervened & China had to pay compensation
Tongmenhui formed
1905
Revive China society allied with other anti-monarchist groups
goal of overthrowing Qing dynasty
Empress Cixi & Emperor Guangxu die
1908
Installed 2 yr old Pu Yi as Emperor
Prince Chun was acting reagent
1911Revolution
Started by Wuchang Uprising, armed rebellion among army members
similar revolts broke out throughout country & revolutionaries joined in
San-Yat Sen provisional president before Yuan Shih-Kai became president
Chinese republic formed
Kuomintang formed
Reorginised Revive China Society after 1911 revolution
Reformed properly as Kuomintang in 1919 in Shanghai French concession
2nd Revolution
1913
Failed uprising of KMT forces against the Beiyang govt. under Yuan Shih-Kai
6 provinces declared independence from Beiyang govt, but then later surrendered to Beiyang army
Sun Yat-Sen fled to Japan
2nd Revolution causes
KMT leader Song Jiaoren assassinated after KMT won 1912 elections, KMT suspected Yuan Shih-Kai
Yuan Shih-kai organised loan with foreign imperialists to fund Beiyang army without consulting parliament, loan had conditions that hindered China independence
Yuan organised deal with Russia that granted them special privileges in Mongolia, used army on KMT when they protested
Yuan Shih-Kai reaction to 2nd revolution
Dissolved parliament
replaced constitution
banned KMT
New legal status Quo gave Yuan unlimited power
reorganised provincial govts, each province supported by military governor with their own army (paved way for warlord era)
21 demands
1914
Japan captured Germ colony of Qingdao
issued demands that destroyed China’s independence, & demanded cession of Qingdao
caused nationwide protests & boycotts in China
USA, Brit & Yuan got Japan to drop some demands
accepted demands
Yuan Shih-Kai becomes emperor
1915
Did this to build up his authority, thought it would work bc people were used to it & thought monarchy would bring stability
Had support of brits but had lots of backlash
supporters abandoned him & army officers defected
also lots of protests & many countries hostile to yuan, lots of provinces also voiced dissaproval
abdicated in & died soon after
