WW1 1918 and after

Question 1

by 1918 how many men were the British losing each month?

Answer 1

80,000

Question 2

how many men had Haig demanded going into 1918?

Answer 2

600,000

Question 3

how many men did Haig receive in 1918?

Answer 3

100,000

Question 4

what was prioritised by the government instead of the Army?

Answer 4

the navy
the air force

Question 5

why was Robertson unhappy with the introduction of the Supreme War Council?

Answer 5

would mean that the CIGS would lose control and authority over the British Army

Question 6

who did Lloyd-George replace Robertson with?

Answer 6

Sir Henry Wilson

Question 7

why did Britain take a defensive stance going into 1918?

Answer 7

they were a weakened army
they were hoping to hold out and wait for the Americans to arrive

Question 8

how many German divisions were involved in the Ludendorff Offensive?

Answer 8

192

Question 9

when did the Ludendorff Offensive begin?

Answer 9

21 March 1918

Question 10

why was the German push at the Somme in 1918 successful?

Answer 10

• it took the British by surprise at Flanders
• Gough’s 5th Army was heavily weakened
• new German tactics
• heavy fog helped element of surprise

Question 11

what new tactics did the German Army begin to implement?

Answer 11

the use of stormtroopers which pressed forward and broke through the allied land
no warning bombardment –> SURPRISE

Question 12

how much ground did the Germans make in the 1918 Somme offensive?

Answer 12

40 miles in a week

Question 13

who was appointed the new Allied commander-in-chief?

Answer 13

Marshal Foch

Question 14

what was a major turning point in the Ludendorff Offensive?

Answer 14

the British defence at Arras in March 1918

Question 15

what slowed down the Ludendorff Offensive?

Answer 15

• heavy German losses
• ill-disciplined troops
• supply lines were too far back

Question 16

what was Operation George?

Answer 16

Ludendorff’s attack in Flanders

Question 17

when was Operation George?

Answer 17

9 April 1918

Question 18

what did Haig issue in April 1918?

Answer 18

‘Backs to the Wall’ order

Question 19

what was the ‘Backs to the Wall’ order?

Answer 19

all British troops had to fight to the end

Question 20

when was Operation George abandoned?

Answer 20

25 April 1918

Question 21

how many troops was the BEF strengthened with after Operation George?

Answer 21

500,000

Question 22

what was the rate of the arrival of the American troops?

Answer 22

250,000 a month

Question 23

when did the Ludendorff Offensive fail?

Answer 23

15 July 1918

Question 24

who took charge of an allied offensive?

Answer 24

Haig
despite Foch being his superior, Haig was the one who led and organised the push

Question 25

what technological advances was Haig handed?

Answer 25

• Mark V tanks
• mustard gas shells
• rifle grenades

Question 26

when was the Third Battle of Amiens?

Answer 26

August 1918

Question 27

what was significant about the Third Battle of Amiens?

Answer 27

was the start of the Hundred Days Offensive

Question 28

how many casualties did the German take at the Third Battle of Amiens?

Answer 28

30,000

Question 29

what was the British Army armed with at the Third Battle of Amiens?

Answer 29

2000 guns
450 tanks
1900 planes

Question 30

what tactic had Haig implemented to great effect at the Third Battle of Amiens?

Answer 30

he attacked at many points to squeeze the Germans and hit them where their resources were most depleted

Question 31

what was the outcome of the Third Battle of Amiens?

Answer 31

allied victory
the Germans were pushed back to Hindenburg Line

Question 32

what helped advance the accuracy of artillery fire in 1918?

Answer 32

aerial photography
mapping
surveying
calibration
better communications

Question 33

when did the Allies cross the Canal du Nord?

Answer 33

29 September 1918

Question 34

what were problems in the German Army by September 1918?

Answer 34

desertion
disobedience

Question 35

when did Ludendorff decide to seek for an armistice?

Answer 35

in October 1918

Question 36

between August and November 1918 how many British troops were lost?

Answer 36

260,000

worse than Somme and Passchendaele

Question 37

how were the Germans still in a good position by October 1918?

Answer 37

they still held Belgium and a lot of France
American troops would only be significant by 1918
the weather was getting worse –> easier to defend

Question 38

what was a major defeat for Germany’s position in the war?

Answer 38

the defeat of Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottomans

Question 39

when and where were the Ottomans defeated?

Answer 39

once Damascus was taken by the British
30 October 1918, the Ottomans signed an armistice with Britain

Question 40

when and where was Austria-Hungary defeated?

Answer 40

Battle of Vittorio Veneto
23 October 1918

3 November 1918 an armistice is signed with Italy

Question 41

when were Ludendorff and Hindenburg dismissed by the German govt?

Answer 41

26 October

Question 42

what did Admiral Scheer attempt to do with the blockade?

Answer 42

a ‘do or die’ assault on the British blockade

Question 43

what prevented Scheer’s assault?

Answer 43

major naval mutinies at Kiel and WIlhemshaven

Question 44

when did the Kaiser abdicate?

Answer 44

9 November 1918

Question 45

when was the armistice signed?

Answer 45

11 November 1918

Question 46

what were the terms of the armistice?

Answer 46

German troops to retreat beyond the Rheine
Germany to hand over war material
blockade on Germany to be maintained until peace agreement made