Wrist and Hand (landmarks)

Question 1

the wrist is what kind of joint?

Answer 1

radiocarpal joint and biaxial synovial joint

Question 2

what are the movements of the wrist joint?

Answer 2

• flexion / extension
• abduction / adduction (radial / ulnar deviation)
• circumduction
• adduction (ulnar deviation) greater than abduction (radial devotion)

Question 3

_____ and _____ radiocarpal ligaments from radius to the two rows of carpals on palmar and dorsal sides.

Answer 3

dorsal ; palmer

Question 4

_____ collateral ligament from ulnar styloid process to triquetrum bone.

Answer 4

ulnar

Question 5

_____ ligament from radial styloid process to scaphoid bone.

Answer 5

radial styloid

Question 6

What are the 8 carpal bones?

Answer 6

proximal row: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

distal row: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

Question 7

the base (proximal) metacarpal bone articulates with?

Answer 7

distal row of carpal bones

Question 8

the head (distal) metacarpal bone articulates with?

Answer 8

proximal phalangeal bones and form knuckles

Question 9

how many bones are in the hand? separate the groups.

Answer 9

27
carpal - 8
metacarpal - 5
phalangeal - 14

Question 10

what are the major joints in the hand?

Answer 10

carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal .. they are all synovial joints

Question 11

______ joints b/w carpal bones of first row and joints b/w carpal bones of second row.

Answer 11

intercarpal joints

Question 12

_______ b/w first and second rows, supported by anterior, posterior, and interosseous ligaments, function as single unit, and small gliding movements b/w carpal bones.

Answer 12

midcarpal joint

Question 13

_______: plane type synovial joints, except for the thumb (saddle type), medial four carpometacarpal joints in one fibrous joint capsule, separate capsule for thumb.

Answer 13

carpometacarpal joints (CMC)

Question 14

CMC joint for thumb between _____ and ______ (saddle joint).

Answer 14

trapezium ; 1st metacarpal

Question 15

what is the action of the thumb joint?

Answer 15

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and opposition (demonstrate it!)

Question 16

________: heads of metacarpal bones articulate w/ base of proximal phalanx, deep transverse metacarpal ligaments hold together heads 2nd through 5th metacarpal bones.

Answer 16

metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP)

Question 17

what are the movements of the MCP joint?

Answer 17

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

Question 18

_________: proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP), distal interphalangeal joint (DIP); and allow for flexion and extension.

Answer 18

interphalangeal joints

Question 19

extensor and flexor rretinaculum continous w/ ?

Answer 19

antebrachial fascia

Question 20

_______ fibrous septum extends from medial border of palmer aponeurosis to 5th metacarpal.

Answer 20

medial

Question 21

______ fibrous septum extends from lateral border of palmer aponeurosis.

Answer 21

lateral

Question 22

_____ create compartments within the palm.

Answer 22

septa

Question 23

what are the muscles of the thenar (lateral) compartment of the hand?

Answer 23

• abductor pollicis brevis
• flexor pollicis brevis
• opponens pollicis

Question 24

what are the muscles of the hypothenar (medial) compartment?

Answer 24

• abductor digiti minimi
• flexor digiti minimi brevis
• opponens digiti minimi

Question 25

what are the short muscles of the hand?

Answer 25

- lumbricals (unusual in that they flex MCP joints and extend IP joints) - palmar interossei (adduct digits) - dorsal interossei (abduct digits) - palmaris brevis (improves palmer grip, wrinkles skin of hypothenar eminence)

Question 26

________: formed from main terminal branch of ulnar artery, enters hand b/w hook of hamate bone and pisiform bone.

Answer 26

superficial palmar arch (superficial to flexor retinaculum)

Question 27

_______: formed from terminal branch of radial artery, passes from anatomical snuff box on dorm of hand, runs b/w heads of 1st dorsal interosseous muscle to reach palm, anastomoses w/ deep branch of ulnar artery.

Answer 27

deep palmer arch

Question 28

what are the structures in the floor of snuffbox?

Answer 28

- radial artery - radial styloid process proximally - base of 1st metacarpal distally - scaphoid bone and trapezium bone b/w radial styloid and 1st metacarpal

Question 29

________: fracture; distal fragment displaced dorsally, results from forced extension of the hand, such as in breaking a fall with an outstretched hand, common in older adults (50 years or older)

Answer 29

colles' fracture

Question 30

_______: fracture; distal fragment displaced palmarly, forced flexion of the hand, such as in breaking a fall with an outstretched hand.

Answer 30

smith's fracture

Question 31

______: the most commonly fractured bone of the carpus. 16 - 20 weeks to heal, increases risk of avascular necrosis and subsequent degenerative joint disease at the wrist.

Answer 31

scaphoid bone fracture

Question 32

______: progressive fibronodular thickening of the palmar fascia. Leads to fixed flexion deformity of the fingers (most commonly the 4th and 5th digits).

Answer 32

dupuytren's contracture