Wrist and Hand (landmarks) Flashcards
the wrist is what kind of joint?
radiocarpal joint and biaxial synovial joint
what are the movements of the wrist joint?
- flexion / extension
- abduction / adduction (radial / ulnar deviation)
- circumduction
- adduction (ulnar deviation) greater than abduction (radial devotion)
_____ and _____ radiocarpal ligaments from radius to the two rows of carpals on palmar and dorsal sides.
dorsal ; palmer
_____ collateral ligament from ulnar styloid process to triquetrum bone.
ulnar
_____ ligament from radial styloid process to scaphoid bone.
radial styloid
What are the 8 carpal bones?
proximal row: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
distal row: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
the base (proximal) metacarpal bone articulates with?
distal row of carpal bones
the head (distal) metacarpal bone articulates with?
proximal phalangeal bones and form knuckles
how many bones are in the hand? separate the groups.
27
carpal - 8
metacarpal - 5
phalangeal - 14
what are the major joints in the hand?
carpometacarpal, metacarpophalangeal, and interphalangeal .. they are all synovial joints
______ joints b/w carpal bones of first row and joints b/w carpal bones of second row.
intercarpal joints
_______ b/w first and second rows, supported by anterior, posterior, and interosseous ligaments, function as single unit, and small gliding movements b/w carpal bones.
midcarpal joint
_______: plane type synovial joints, except for the thumb (saddle type), medial four carpometacarpal joints in one fibrous joint capsule, separate capsule for thumb.
carpometacarpal joints (CMC)
CMC joint for thumb between _____ and ______ (saddle joint).
trapezium ; 1st metacarpal
what is the action of the thumb joint?
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and opposition (demonstrate it!)
________: heads of metacarpal bones articulate w/ base of proximal phalanx, deep transverse metacarpal ligaments hold together heads 2nd through 5th metacarpal bones.
metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP)
what are the movements of the MCP joint?
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
_________: proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP), distal interphalangeal joint (DIP); and allow for flexion and extension.
interphalangeal joints
extensor and flexor rretinaculum continous w/ ?
antebrachial fascia
_______ fibrous septum extends from medial border of palmer aponeurosis to 5th metacarpal.
medial
______ fibrous septum extends from lateral border of palmer aponeurosis.
lateral
_____ create compartments within the palm.
septa
what are the muscles of the thenar (lateral) compartment of the hand?
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
- opponens pollicis
what are the muscles of the hypothenar (medial) compartment?
- abductor digiti minimi
- flexor digiti minimi brevis
- opponens digiti minimi
what are the short muscles of the hand?
- lumbricals (unusual in that they flex MCP joints and extend IP joints)
- palmar interossei (adduct digits)
- dorsal interossei (abduct digits)
- palmaris brevis (improves palmer grip, wrinkles skin of hypothenar eminence)
________: formed from main terminal branch of ulnar artery, enters hand b/w hook of hamate bone and pisiform bone.
superficial palmar arch (superficial to flexor retinaculum)
_______: formed from terminal branch of radial artery, passes from anatomical snuff box on dorm of hand, runs b/w heads of 1st dorsal interosseous muscle to reach palm, anastomoses w/ deep branch of ulnar artery.
deep palmer arch
what are the structures in the floor of snuffbox?
- radial artery
- radial styloid process proximally
- base of 1st metacarpal distally
- scaphoid bone and trapezium bone b/w radial styloid and 1st metacarpal
________: fracture; distal fragment displaced dorsally, results from forced extension of the hand, such as in breaking a fall with an outstretched hand, common in older adults (50 years or older)
colles’ fracture
_______: fracture; distal fragment displaced palmarly, forced flexion of the hand, such as in breaking a fall with an outstretched hand.
smith’s fracture
______: the most commonly fractured bone of the carpus. 16 - 20 weeks to heal, increases risk of avascular necrosis and subsequent degenerative joint disease at the wrist.
scaphoid bone fracture
______: progressive fibronodular thickening of the palmar fascia. Leads to fixed flexion deformity of the fingers (most commonly the 4th and 5th digits).
dupuytren’s contracture
