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Anatomy > Shoulder Girdle and Shoulder Joint > Flashcards

Shoulder Girdle and Shoulder Joint Flashcards

muscle, origin, insertion, innervation, action, shortened position, lengthened position

1
Q

What muscles are involved with the shoulder?

A

trapezius, latissimus dorsi, teres major and minor, rhomboid minor and major, levator scapula, serrated anterior, pectorals major and minor, deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, subclavius, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, coracobrachialis,

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2
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the (general) trapezius?

A

external occipital protuberance, medial portion of superior nuchal line of the occiput, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae

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3
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the (general) trapezius?

A

lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

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4
Q

what is the innervation of the trapezius?

A

spinal portion of cranial nerve XI and ventral rams of C2, 3, 4

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5
Q

what is the action of the general trapezius?

A

acts as an accessory muscle for respiration

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6
Q

what is the action of the upper trapezius?

A

bilaterally: extend head & neck
unilaterally: laterally flex head and neck to same side, rotate head , neck to opposite side, elevate scapula at scapulothoracic joint (ST), upwardly rotate scapula at ST joint, stabilization of adduction of the scapula

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7
Q

what is the shortened position of the upper trapezius?

A

bilateral: cervicle head extension (look up)
unilateral: cervical ipsilateral sideband and ipsilateral shoulder shrug (ear to shoulder)

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8
Q

what is the lengthened position of the upper trapezius?

A

bilateral: cervicle flexion (look down or forward)
unilateral: cervical contralateral sideband and ipsilateral shoulder depression (shoulder down, ear to opp. side)

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9
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the middle trapezius?

A

s. p. of T1 - T5 vertebrae

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10
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the middle trapezius?

A

medial margin of the acromion and superior lip of the spine of the scapula

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11
Q

what is the action of the middle trapezius?

A

adducts scapula at ST joint, stabilize scapula at ST joint

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12
Q

what is the shortened position of the middle trapezius?

A

prone “T” w/ thumb up towards ceiling and adduction of scapula. (arm shouldn’t move more posterior than shoulder)

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13
Q

what is the lengthened position of the middle trapezius?

A

seated or standing wi/arms in horizontal adduction and scapulae abducted bilaterally

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14
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the lower trapezius?

A

s. p. of T6 - T12 vertebrae

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15
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the lower trapezius?

A

tubercle at the apex of the spine of the scapula

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16
Q

what is the action of the lower trapezius?

A

depress the scapula at the ST joint, upwardly rotate the scapula at the ST joint, stabilize the adduction of the scapula.

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17
Q

what is the shortened position of the lower trapezius muscle?

A

Prone “Y”:externally rotated arms with elevation w. some scapular depression and adduction when in upwardly rotated position

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18
Q

what is the lengthened position of the lower trapezius muscle?

A

seated or standing w/ arms in front and hands meeting around pubic symphysis area

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19
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the latissimus dorsi?

A

inferior angle of scapula, s.p. of last 6 thoracic vertebrae, last 3-4 rib, thoracolumbar aponeurosis ad posterior iliac crest

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20
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the latissimus dorsi?

A

interubercular groove of humerus

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21
Q

what is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal nerve, C6, 7, 8

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22
Q

what is the action of the latissimus dorsi?

A

extend GH joint, adduct GH joint, internally rotate GH joint

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23
Q

what is the shortened position of the latissimus dorsi?

A

handcuff position standing

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24
Q

what is the lengthened position of the latissimus dorsi?

A

supine w/ arms up in comfortable flexion, thumbs guiding the way up.

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25
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the teres major?

A

inferior angle and lower 1/3 of lateral border of the scapula

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26
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the teres major?

A

crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus

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27
Q

what is the innervation of the teres major?

A

lower sub scapular nerve, C5, 6, 7

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28
Q

what is the action of the teres major muscle?

A

extend GH joint, adduct GH joint, and internally rotate GH joint

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29
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the rhomboid minor?

A

s.p. of C7 - T1 vertebrae

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30
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the rhomboid minor?

A

upper portion of medial border of the scapula, across from the spine of the scapula

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31
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the rhomboid minor?

A

dorsal scapular nerve, C4, 5

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32
Q

what is the action of the rhomboid minor?

A

adduct scapula at ST joint, elevate scapula at ST joint, downwardly rotate scapula at ST joint

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33
Q

what is the shortened position for the rhomboid minor?

A

prone 90 degrees abduction and enough internal rotation to move scapula into medial rotation of inferior angle, w/ some scapular adduction.

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34
Q

what is the lengthened position of the rhomboid minor?

A

seated or standing w/ arms in horizontal adduction and scapulae abducted bilaterally

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35
Q

what is the (Proximal) origin of the Rhomboid major?

A

s.p. of T2 - T5 vertebrae

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36
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the rhomboid major?

A

medial border of the scapula between the spine of the scapula and inferior angle

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37
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the rhomboid major?

A

dorsal scapular nerve, C4, 5

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38
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the levator scapula?

A

transverse process of C1 - C4 vertebrae

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39
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the levator scapulae?

A

medial border of the scapula, between superior angle and superior portion of spine of the scapula

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40
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the levator scapula?

A

cervical nerve, C3 , 4, and dorsal scapular nerve, C4, 5

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41
Q

what is the action of the levator scapula?

A

bilaterally: extend head and neck
unilaterally: laterally flex head and neck to same side, elevate scapula, at ST joint, downwardly rotate scapula at ST joint

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42
Q

what is the shortened position of the levator scapula?

A

shoulder shrug; ipsilateral sidebend and rotation (shoulder shrug, look to same side, nose down)

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43
Q

what is the lengthened position of the levator scapula?

A

shoulder depression; contralateral sidebend and rotation (shoulder down, look to opp. side, nose down)

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44
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the serratus anterior?

A

external surfaces of the upper 8 or 9 rib.

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45
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the serratus anterior?

A

anterior surface of medial border of the scapula

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46
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the serratus anterior?

A

long thoracic nerve, C5, 6, 7, 8

47
Q

what is the action of the serratus anterior?

A

origin flexed: abduct scapula at ST joint, upwardly rotate scapula at ST joint, depress scapula at ST joint, hold the medial border of the scapula against the rib cage.
fixed: may act to elevate the thorax during the forced inhalation

48
Q

what is the shortened position of the serratus anterior?

A

seated; shoulder flexion about 120 - 130 degrees

49
Q

what is the lengthen position of the serratus anterior?

A

move elbows back behind you in the direction posterior medial, resulting in downwards scapular rotation and adduction

50
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the pectoralis major?

A

medial half of the clavicle, sternum and cartilage of ribs 1-6

51
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the pectoralis major?

A

crest of the greater tubercle of humerus

52
Q

what is the action of the pectoralis major?

A

adduct GH joint, internally rotate HG joint, assist to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation (w/ arm fixed)

53
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the pectoralis major upper?

A

anterior surface of the sternal 1/2 clavicle

54
Q

what is the nerve innervation of the pectoralis major upper?

A

lateral pectoral nerve, C6,7,8, T1

  • pect. lower is lateral and medial pectoral nerve*
55
Q

what is the shortened position of the pectoralis major upper?

A

supine, shoulder in 90 degrees flexion, elbow extended; horizontal adduction towards sternal end of clavicle

56
Q

what is the lengthened position of the pectoralis major upper?

A

supine w/ shoulder in horizontal abduction and arm supported

57
Q

what is the shortened position of the pectoralis major lower?

A

horizontal adduction towards opposite iliac crest

58
Q

what is the lengthened position of the pectoralis major lower?

A

supine shoulder in “Y” position comfortably w/ arm supported

59
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the pectoralis minor?

A

3rd, 4th, and 5th rib

60
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the pectoralis minor?

A

medial surface of the coracoid process of the scapula

61
Q

what is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?

A

medial pectoral nerve, w/ fibers from a communicating branch of the lateral pectoral nerve C6,7,8, T1

62
Q

what is the action of the pectoralis minor?

A

depress the scapula at ST joint, abduct scapula at ST joint, downwardly rotate scapula at ST joint.
fixed: assist to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation.

63
Q

what is the shortened position of the pectoralis minor?

A

standing or seated, round shoulders forward, resulting in scapular abduction and some scapular depression

64
Q

what is the lengthened position of the pectoralis minor?

A

scapular adduction (arms behind you w/ shoulders back)

65
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the deltoid?

A

lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

66
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the deltoid?

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

67
Q

what is the innervation of the deltoid?

A

axillary nerve C5,6

68
Q

what is the action of the deltoid?

A

abduct the GH joint

69
Q

what is the action of the anterior fibers of deltoid?

A

abduct the GH joint, flex GH joint, internally rotate GH joint, horizontally adduct GH joint

70
Q

what is the shortened position of fibers of deltoid?

A

seated; shoulder in 45-60 degrees of abduction and some flexion w/ slight internal rotation of humerus, elbow at about 90 degrees (check watch)

71
Q

what is the lengthened position of fibers of deltoid?

A

seated; some adduction of shoulder (towards side) w/ some extension, slight external rotation of humerus, elbow at about 90 degrees (what’s up)

72
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the middle fibers of deltoid?

A

lateral margin and superior surface of acromion of scapula

73
Q

what is the shortened position of the middle fibers of deltoid?

A

seated; shoulder in abduction w/ neutral rotation. elbow to about 90 degrees

74
Q

what is the lengthen position of the middle fibers of deltoid?

A

seated; arm by side in adduction w/ neutral rotation, elbow to about 90 degrees

75
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the posterior fibers of the deltoid?

A

inferior lip of posterior border of spine of scapula

76
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the supraspinatus?

A

supraspinous fossa of scapula

77
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the supraspinatus?

A

greater tubercle of humerus

78
Q

what is the innervation of the supraspinatus?

A

suprascapular nerve C4,5,6

79
Q

what is the action of the supraspinatus?

A

abduct HG joint and stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity

80
Q

what is the shortened position of the supraspinatus?

A

seated; elbow flexed to about 90 degrees w/ shoulder abduction (neutral rotation) to about 90 degrees

81
Q

what is the lengthen position of the supraspinatus?

A

seated; elbow flexed to 90 degrees w/ shoulder adducted against body

82
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the infraspinatus?

A

infraspinous fossa of scapula

83
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the infraspinatus?

A

greater tubercle of humerus

84
Q

what is the action of the infraspinatus?

A

externally rotate GH joint, adduct Gh joint, stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity

85
Q

what is the shortened position of the infraspinatus?

A

prone, shoulder in about 90 degrees abduction and elbow at 90 degrees flexion; shoulder ER (not full ER), need pad under arm to protect medial upper arm from edge of table

86
Q

what is the lengthened position of the infraspinatus?

A

prone, shoulder in about 90 degrees abduction and elbow at 90 degrees flexion; shoulder IR (not full IR), need pad under arm to protect medial upper arm from edge of table

87
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the subscapularis?

A

subscapular fossa of scapula

88
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the subscapularis?

A

lesser tubercle of humerus

89
Q

what is the innervation of the subscapularis?

A

upper and lower sub scapular nerves C5,6,7

90
Q

what is the action of the subscapularis?

A

internally rotate GH joint, stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity

91
Q

what is the shortened position of the subscapularis?

A

prone; shoulder almost 90 degrees abduction, elbow at 90 degrees some IR shoulder; pad under arm to protect from the table

92
Q

what is the lengthened position of the subscapularis?

A

prone; shoulder almost 90 degrees abduction, elbow at 90 degrees some ER shoulder; pad under arm to protect from the table

93
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the subclavius?

A

1st. rib and cartilage

94
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the subclavius?

A

inferior surface of middle 1/3 clavicle

95
Q

what is the innervation of the subclavius?

A

subclavian nerve C5,6

96
Q

what is the action of the subclavius?

A

depress clavicle, and draw it anteriorly, elevate 1st. rib, stabilize SC joint

97
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the biceps brachii?

A

long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

short head: coracoid process of scapula

98
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the biceps brachii?

A

tuberosity of radius and aponeurosis of biceps brachii

99
Q

what is the innervation of the biceps brachii?

A

musculocutaneous nerve, C5,6

100
Q

what is the action of the biceps brachii?

A

flex elbow at humeroulnar joint, supinate forearm at radioulnar joint, flex GH joint
Long head: may assist to abduct of the humerus is externally rotated (ER)
short head: assists to adduct at GH joint

101
Q

what is the shortened position of the biceps brachii?

A

seated; elbow flexion, slight shoulder flexion, and forearm supination (give me your money)

102
Q

what is the lengthened position of the biceps brachii?

A

standing or seated w/ arm free of chair or table; elbow extension, slight shoulder extension, neutral forearm (pass the baton)

103
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the triceps brachii?

A

long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
lateral head: posterior surface of the proximal 1/2 of the humerus
medial head: posterior surface of the distal 1/2 of the humerus

104
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the triceps brachii?

A

olecranon process of ulna

105
Q

what is the innervation of the triceps brachii?

A

radial nerve, C6,7,8, T1

106
Q

what is the action of the triceps brachii?

A

all heads: extend elbow at humeroulnar joint

long head: GH joint, adduct GH joint

107
Q

what is the shortened position of the triceps brachii?

A

all: seated; elbow extension (arm straight and down)

long head: elbow extension, some shoulder extension and adduction (fast walking arm swing)

108
Q

what is the lengthened position of the triceps brachii?

A

all: seated; elbow flexion

long head: elbow flexion, some shoulder flexion and abduction (feel my muscles)

109
Q

what is the (proximal) origin of the coracobrachialis?

A

coracoid process of scapula

110
Q

what is the (distal) insertion of the coracobrachialis?

A

medial surface of the mid-humeral shaft

111
Q

what is the innervation for the Coracobrachialis?

A

musculocutaneous nerve, C6,7

112
Q

what is the action of the coracobrachialis?

A

flex GH joint, adduct GH joint

113
Q

what is the shortened position of the coracobrachialis?

A

seated w/ arm free of table of chair or standing; some flexion and some adduction of the GH joint (shake my hand)

114
Q

what is the lengthened position of the coracobrachialis?

A

seated w/ arm free of table or chair, or standing; some extension and some abduction of the GH joint

Anatomy (11 decks)

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