Shoulder Girdle and Shoulder Joint Flashcards
muscle, origin, insertion, innervation, action, shortened position, lengthened position
What muscles are involved with the shoulder?
trapezius, latissimus dorsi, teres major and minor, rhomboid minor and major, levator scapula, serrated anterior, pectorals major and minor, deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, subclavius, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, coracobrachialis,
what is the (proximal) origin of the (general) trapezius?
external occipital protuberance, medial portion of superior nuchal line of the occiput, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of C7-T12 vertebrae
what is the (distal) insertion of the (general) trapezius?
lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
what is the innervation of the trapezius?
spinal portion of cranial nerve XI and ventral rams of C2, 3, 4
what is the action of the general trapezius?
acts as an accessory muscle for respiration
what is the action of the upper trapezius?
bilaterally: extend head & neck
unilaterally: laterally flex head and neck to same side, rotate head , neck to opposite side, elevate scapula at scapulothoracic joint (ST), upwardly rotate scapula at ST joint, stabilization of adduction of the scapula
what is the shortened position of the upper trapezius?
bilateral: cervicle head extension (look up)
unilateral: cervical ipsilateral sideband and ipsilateral shoulder shrug (ear to shoulder)
what is the lengthened position of the upper trapezius?
bilateral: cervicle flexion (look down or forward)
unilateral: cervical contralateral sideband and ipsilateral shoulder depression (shoulder down, ear to opp. side)
what is the (proximal) origin of the middle trapezius?
s. p. of T1 - T5 vertebrae
what is the (distal) insertion of the middle trapezius?
medial margin of the acromion and superior lip of the spine of the scapula
what is the action of the middle trapezius?
adducts scapula at ST joint, stabilize scapula at ST joint
what is the shortened position of the middle trapezius?
prone “T” w/ thumb up towards ceiling and adduction of scapula. (arm shouldn’t move more posterior than shoulder)
what is the lengthened position of the middle trapezius?
seated or standing wi/arms in horizontal adduction and scapulae abducted bilaterally
what is the (proximal) origin of the lower trapezius?
s. p. of T6 - T12 vertebrae
what is the (distal) insertion of the lower trapezius?
tubercle at the apex of the spine of the scapula
what is the action of the lower trapezius?
depress the scapula at the ST joint, upwardly rotate the scapula at the ST joint, stabilize the adduction of the scapula.
what is the shortened position of the lower trapezius muscle?
Prone “Y”:externally rotated arms with elevation w. some scapular depression and adduction when in upwardly rotated position
what is the lengthened position of the lower trapezius muscle?
seated or standing w/ arms in front and hands meeting around pubic symphysis area
what is the (proximal) origin of the latissimus dorsi?
inferior angle of scapula, s.p. of last 6 thoracic vertebrae, last 3-4 rib, thoracolumbar aponeurosis ad posterior iliac crest
what is the (distal) insertion of the latissimus dorsi?
interubercular groove of humerus
what is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi?
thoracodorsal nerve, C6, 7, 8
what is the action of the latissimus dorsi?
extend GH joint, adduct GH joint, internally rotate GH joint
what is the shortened position of the latissimus dorsi?
handcuff position standing
what is the lengthened position of the latissimus dorsi?
supine w/ arms up in comfortable flexion, thumbs guiding the way up.
what is the (proximal) origin of the teres major?
inferior angle and lower 1/3 of lateral border of the scapula
what is the (distal) insertion of the teres major?
crest of the lesser tubercle of the humerus
what is the innervation of the teres major?
lower sub scapular nerve, C5, 6, 7
what is the action of the teres major muscle?
extend GH joint, adduct GH joint, and internally rotate GH joint
what is the (proximal) origin of the rhomboid minor?
s.p. of C7 - T1 vertebrae
what is the (distal) insertion of the rhomboid minor?
upper portion of medial border of the scapula, across from the spine of the scapula
what is the nerve innervation of the rhomboid minor?
dorsal scapular nerve, C4, 5
what is the action of the rhomboid minor?
adduct scapula at ST joint, elevate scapula at ST joint, downwardly rotate scapula at ST joint
what is the shortened position for the rhomboid minor?
prone 90 degrees abduction and enough internal rotation to move scapula into medial rotation of inferior angle, w/ some scapular adduction.
what is the lengthened position of the rhomboid minor?
seated or standing w/ arms in horizontal adduction and scapulae abducted bilaterally
what is the (Proximal) origin of the Rhomboid major?
s.p. of T2 - T5 vertebrae
what is the (distal) insertion of the rhomboid major?
medial border of the scapula between the spine of the scapula and inferior angle
what is the nerve innervation of the rhomboid major?
dorsal scapular nerve, C4, 5
what is the (proximal) origin of the levator scapula?
transverse process of C1 - C4 vertebrae
what is the (distal) insertion of the levator scapulae?
medial border of the scapula, between superior angle and superior portion of spine of the scapula
what is the nerve innervation of the levator scapula?
cervical nerve, C3 , 4, and dorsal scapular nerve, C4, 5
what is the action of the levator scapula?
bilaterally: extend head and neck
unilaterally: laterally flex head and neck to same side, elevate scapula, at ST joint, downwardly rotate scapula at ST joint
what is the shortened position of the levator scapula?
shoulder shrug; ipsilateral sidebend and rotation (shoulder shrug, look to same side, nose down)
what is the lengthened position of the levator scapula?
shoulder depression; contralateral sidebend and rotation (shoulder down, look to opp. side, nose down)
what is the (proximal) origin of the serratus anterior?
external surfaces of the upper 8 or 9 rib.
what is the (distal) insertion of the serratus anterior?
anterior surface of medial border of the scapula
what is the nerve innervation of the serratus anterior?
long thoracic nerve, C5, 6, 7, 8
what is the action of the serratus anterior?
origin flexed: abduct scapula at ST joint, upwardly rotate scapula at ST joint, depress scapula at ST joint, hold the medial border of the scapula against the rib cage.
fixed: may act to elevate the thorax during the forced inhalation
what is the shortened position of the serratus anterior?
seated; shoulder flexion about 120 - 130 degrees
what is the lengthen position of the serratus anterior?
move elbows back behind you in the direction posterior medial, resulting in downwards scapular rotation and adduction
what is the (proximal) origin of the pectoralis major?
medial half of the clavicle, sternum and cartilage of ribs 1-6
what is the (distal) insertion of the pectoralis major?
crest of the greater tubercle of humerus
what is the action of the pectoralis major?
adduct GH joint, internally rotate HG joint, assist to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation (w/ arm fixed)
what is the (proximal) origin of the pectoralis major upper?
anterior surface of the sternal 1/2 clavicle
what is the nerve innervation of the pectoralis major upper?
lateral pectoral nerve, C6,7,8, T1
- pect. lower is lateral and medial pectoral nerve*
what is the shortened position of the pectoralis major upper?
supine, shoulder in 90 degrees flexion, elbow extended; horizontal adduction towards sternal end of clavicle
what is the lengthened position of the pectoralis major upper?
supine w/ shoulder in horizontal abduction and arm supported
what is the shortened position of the pectoralis major lower?
horizontal adduction towards opposite iliac crest
what is the lengthened position of the pectoralis major lower?
supine shoulder in “Y” position comfortably w/ arm supported
what is the (proximal) origin of the pectoralis minor?
3rd, 4th, and 5th rib
what is the (distal) insertion of the pectoralis minor?
medial surface of the coracoid process of the scapula
what is the innervation of the pectoralis minor?
medial pectoral nerve, w/ fibers from a communicating branch of the lateral pectoral nerve C6,7,8, T1
what is the action of the pectoralis minor?
depress the scapula at ST joint, abduct scapula at ST joint, downwardly rotate scapula at ST joint.
fixed: assist to elevate the thorax during forced inhalation.
what is the shortened position of the pectoralis minor?
standing or seated, round shoulders forward, resulting in scapular abduction and some scapular depression
what is the lengthened position of the pectoralis minor?
scapular adduction (arms behind you w/ shoulders back)
what is the (proximal) origin of the deltoid?
lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
what is the (distal) insertion of the deltoid?
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
what is the innervation of the deltoid?
axillary nerve C5,6
what is the action of the deltoid?
abduct the GH joint
what is the action of the anterior fibers of deltoid?
abduct the GH joint, flex GH joint, internally rotate GH joint, horizontally adduct GH joint
what is the shortened position of fibers of deltoid?
seated; shoulder in 45-60 degrees of abduction and some flexion w/ slight internal rotation of humerus, elbow at about 90 degrees (check watch)
what is the lengthened position of fibers of deltoid?
seated; some adduction of shoulder (towards side) w/ some extension, slight external rotation of humerus, elbow at about 90 degrees (what’s up)
what is the (proximal) origin of the middle fibers of deltoid?
lateral margin and superior surface of acromion of scapula
what is the shortened position of the middle fibers of deltoid?
seated; shoulder in abduction w/ neutral rotation. elbow to about 90 degrees
what is the lengthen position of the middle fibers of deltoid?
seated; arm by side in adduction w/ neutral rotation, elbow to about 90 degrees
what is the (proximal) origin of the posterior fibers of the deltoid?
inferior lip of posterior border of spine of scapula
what is the (proximal) origin of the supraspinatus?
supraspinous fossa of scapula
what is the (distal) insertion of the supraspinatus?
greater tubercle of humerus
what is the innervation of the supraspinatus?
suprascapular nerve C4,5,6
what is the action of the supraspinatus?
abduct HG joint and stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity
what is the shortened position of the supraspinatus?
seated; elbow flexed to about 90 degrees w/ shoulder abduction (neutral rotation) to about 90 degrees
what is the lengthen position of the supraspinatus?
seated; elbow flexed to 90 degrees w/ shoulder adducted against body
what is the (proximal) origin of the infraspinatus?
infraspinous fossa of scapula
what is the (distal) insertion of the infraspinatus?
greater tubercle of humerus
what is the action of the infraspinatus?
externally rotate GH joint, adduct Gh joint, stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity
what is the shortened position of the infraspinatus?
prone, shoulder in about 90 degrees abduction and elbow at 90 degrees flexion; shoulder ER (not full ER), need pad under arm to protect medial upper arm from edge of table
what is the lengthened position of the infraspinatus?
prone, shoulder in about 90 degrees abduction and elbow at 90 degrees flexion; shoulder IR (not full IR), need pad under arm to protect medial upper arm from edge of table
what is the (proximal) origin of the subscapularis?
subscapular fossa of scapula
what is the (distal) insertion of the subscapularis?
lesser tubercle of humerus
what is the innervation of the subscapularis?
upper and lower sub scapular nerves C5,6,7
what is the action of the subscapularis?
internally rotate GH joint, stabilize head of humerus in glenoid cavity
what is the shortened position of the subscapularis?
prone; shoulder almost 90 degrees abduction, elbow at 90 degrees some IR shoulder; pad under arm to protect from the table
what is the lengthened position of the subscapularis?
prone; shoulder almost 90 degrees abduction, elbow at 90 degrees some ER shoulder; pad under arm to protect from the table
what is the (proximal) origin of the subclavius?
1st. rib and cartilage
what is the (distal) insertion of the subclavius?
inferior surface of middle 1/3 clavicle
what is the innervation of the subclavius?
subclavian nerve C5,6
what is the action of the subclavius?
depress clavicle, and draw it anteriorly, elevate 1st. rib, stabilize SC joint
what is the (proximal) origin of the biceps brachii?
long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
short head: coracoid process of scapula
what is the (distal) insertion of the biceps brachii?
tuberosity of radius and aponeurosis of biceps brachii
what is the innervation of the biceps brachii?
musculocutaneous nerve, C5,6
what is the action of the biceps brachii?
flex elbow at humeroulnar joint, supinate forearm at radioulnar joint, flex GH joint
Long head: may assist to abduct of the humerus is externally rotated (ER)
short head: assists to adduct at GH joint
what is the shortened position of the biceps brachii?
seated; elbow flexion, slight shoulder flexion, and forearm supination (give me your money)
what is the lengthened position of the biceps brachii?
standing or seated w/ arm free of chair or table; elbow extension, slight shoulder extension, neutral forearm (pass the baton)
what is the (proximal) origin of the triceps brachii?
long head: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
lateral head: posterior surface of the proximal 1/2 of the humerus
medial head: posterior surface of the distal 1/2 of the humerus
what is the (distal) insertion of the triceps brachii?
olecranon process of ulna
what is the innervation of the triceps brachii?
radial nerve, C6,7,8, T1
what is the action of the triceps brachii?
all heads: extend elbow at humeroulnar joint
long head: GH joint, adduct GH joint
what is the shortened position of the triceps brachii?
all: seated; elbow extension (arm straight and down)
long head: elbow extension, some shoulder extension and adduction (fast walking arm swing)
what is the lengthened position of the triceps brachii?
all: seated; elbow flexion
long head: elbow flexion, some shoulder flexion and abduction (feel my muscles)
what is the (proximal) origin of the coracobrachialis?
coracoid process of scapula
what is the (distal) insertion of the coracobrachialis?
medial surface of the mid-humeral shaft
what is the innervation for the Coracobrachialis?
musculocutaneous nerve, C6,7
what is the action of the coracobrachialis?
flex GH joint, adduct GH joint
what is the shortened position of the coracobrachialis?
seated w/ arm free of table of chair or standing; some flexion and some adduction of the GH joint (shake my hand)
what is the lengthened position of the coracobrachialis?
seated w/ arm free of table or chair, or standing; some extension and some abduction of the GH joint
