Hip and Thigh (Hip Joint Outline)

Question 1

what kind of joint is the hip?

Answer 1

multiaxial, ball-and-socket synovial joint

Question 2

what are the movements of the hip joint?

Answer 2

• flexion (120 degrees)
• extension (20 degrees)
• abduction (40 degrees)
• adduction (20 degrees)
• medial rotation (45 degrees)
• lateral rotation (45 degrees)

Question 3

what is inserted into the acetabulum?

Answer 3

the head of the femur

Question 4

what is the acetabulum composed of?

Answer 4

ilium, ischium, pubis

Question 5

on the acetabulum it is deepened by incomplete ring of _____ ______, which is attached to bony rim.

Answer 5

fibrocartilaginous labrum

Question 6

on the acetabulum the ring completed by transverse acetabular ligament, which spans ____ _____.

Answer 6

acetabular notch

Question 7

the head of the femur attaches?

Answer 7

fovea (pit) in head of femur to transverse acetabular ligament.

Question 8

the capsule of the hip joint attaches to?

Answer 8

acetabular labrum, transverse acetabular ligament, intertrochanteric line of femur.

Question 9

on the capsule the lower third of neck of femur is?

Answer 9

extracapsular

Question 10

on the hp joint the capsule is strengthened by which 3 ligaments?

Answer 10

• iliofemoral (y-shaped)
• pubofemoral
• ischiofemoral ligaments

Question 11

what is the longest and heaviest bone in the body?

Answer 11

femur

Question 12

what are the osteological features of the femur?

Answer 12

• head wi/ fovea (pit)
• neck (b/w head and body)
• greater trochanter
• lesser trochanter
• intertrochanteric line
• ridge running b/w greater and lesser trochanters
• medial and lateral condyles
• medial and lateral epicondyles

Question 13

the neck of the femur is angled at ___ to ___ degrees relative to long axis of body.

Answer 13

115 to 140

Question 14

______: contains variable amounts of fat, cutaneous nerves, such as saphenous and sural, lymphatics

Answer 14

superficial fascia

Question 15

_____: separates superficial fascia from muscles, dense strong layer, prevents bulging of muscles during contraction, attaches to inguinal ligament, iliac crests, and sacrum superiorly and is continuous w/ crural fascia inferiorly.

Answer 15

deep fascia = fascia lata

Question 16

fascial septa from fascia lata divide thigh into three compartments:?

Answer 16

anterior, medial, posterior

Question 17

_____: lateral thickening of fascia late, conjoint aponeurosis of tensor fasciae late and gluteus maximus muscles, attaches to tubercle on lateral condyle of tibia.

Answer 17

iliotibial tract

Question 18

tubercle on the lateral condyle of tibia is referred to as ?

Answer 18

Gerdy’s tubercle

Question 19

what is the extensor of the hip?

Answer 19

gluteus maximus

Question 20

_____ extends the hip, laterally rotates hip, and through iliotibial tract, extends knee.

Answer 20

gluteus maximus

Question 21

what are the abductors of the hip?

Answer 21

• gluteus medius

- gluteus minimus

Question 22

what is the most important function of the gluteus medium and minimum?

Answer 22

contract to prevent sagging/dropping of unsupported side of hip during locomotion, enabling opposite foot to swing through. (trendelenburg test)

Question 23

what are the lateral rotators of hip?

Answer 23

• gluteus maximus
• piriformis
• obturator interns
• obturator eternus
• gemelli (superior and inferior)
• quadratus femoris

Question 24

on the anterior compartment the flexors of the hip are?

Answer 24

• sartorius (abdutcs and laterally rotates hip and flexes and medially rotates knee)
• iliopsoas
• pettiness (also abdutcs hip)

Question 25

on the anterior compartment; the extensors of the knee are? (quadriceps femoris)

Answer 25

- rectus femoris (also flexes hip) - vastus lateralis - vastus intermedius - vastus medialis (also stabilizes patella)

Question 26

on the medial compartment, what are the adductors of the hip?

Answer 26

- adductors longus - adductor brevis - adductor Magnus (also assists in lateral rotation of knee) - gracilis (also flexes knee)

Question 27

on the posterior compartment (knee flexor/ hip extensor), hamstrings are consisted of?

Answer 27

- biceps femoris (also laterally rotates knee) - semitendinosus (also medially rotates knee) - semimembranosus (also medially rotates knee)

Question 28

______: this is most common in elderly, particularly women w/ osteoporotic bone, can occur as the result of high-impact accident, such as head-on car collision, may damage branches of medial circumflex femoral artery supplying the femoral head, and results in bleeding into the hip joint and avascular necrosis of the head of the femur.

Answer 28

fractured neck of femur ("broken hip")

Question 29

______: occurs when part of an abdominal viscus or fat protrudes into the femoral canal through its opening. Present as a Nass (often tender) inferolateral to the pubic tubercle.

Answer 29

femoral hernia