Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PT414 - Applied Anatomy > Wrist and Hand - Bones, Joints and Muscles > Flashcards

Wrist and Hand - Bones, Joints and Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of the wrist joint?

A
  • The Radiocarpal joint is biaxial
  • The Radioulnar joint has a smooth concavity while the carpals create a convexity
  • This enables the wrist to create Radial and Ulnar Deviation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What bones create the Radiocarpal joint?

A
  • Radius (NOT ULNA)
  • Scaphoid (Medial)
  • Lunate
  • Triquetral articulates with the disc*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 5 significant ligaments of the wrist?

A
  • Radioulnar Ligament
  • Medial Collateral O = Ulnar Styloid I = Triquetral and Hamate
  • Lateral Collateral O = Radial Styloid I = Scaphoid and Trapezium
  • Dorsal Radiocarpal
  • Palmar Radiocarpal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 5 flexors of the forearm? PFPFF
What is the CFO?
What are the insertions?

A

CFO is the Common Flexor Origin which is the on the Medial Epicondyle. All these muscles originate in this area.

  • Pronator Teres: I = Lateral surface of Radius
  • Flexor Carpi Radialis: I = Bases of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals
  • Palmaris Longus: I = Apex of Palmar Aponeurosis
  • Flexor Digitorum Superficialis: O = Anterior Radial Border I = Interphalangeal joint of digits 2-5
  • Flexor Carpi Ulnaris: I = Pisiform, Hamate and 5th metacarpal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 2 deep flexors of the forearm and what are their insertions?

A
  • Flexor Pollicis Longus: O = Medial side of Radius and Interosseous membrane I = Base of distal phalanx of thumb
  • Flexor Digitorum Profundus: O = Shaft of Ulna and Interosseous membrane I = Base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the Pronator muscles of the forearm and what are their insertions?

A
  • Pronator Teres: O = CFO I = Lateral surface of Radius

- Pronator Quadratus: O = Medial aspect of Ulna I = Lateral aspect of Radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are structures associated with the flexor tendons?

A
  • Flexor retinaculum (Carpal Tunnel)

- Synovial Sheaths of the flexor tendons; to prevent inflammation from friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the 8 carpal bones?
*What carpal bones are apart of Radiocarpal?
^What carpal bones are apart of the Midcarpal joint?

A
  • *Scaphoid (Medial)
  • *Lunate
  • *Triquetral (Lateral)
  • ^Trapezium (Medial)
  • ^Trapezoid
  • ^Capitate
  • ^Hamate
  • ^Pisiform
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Name the 3 arches of the hand and what is the purpose of it?

A
  • Fixed Transverse Arch (Flexor Retinaculum)
  • Mobile Longitudinal Arch (Flexor R to D3)
  • Mobile Oblique Arch (D5 to D1)
    Having arches, in a relaxed position, allows the hand to be naturally read for grasping and gripping an object.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What movements are involved at the midcarpal and radiocarpal joint?
Percentage and degrees

A

Flexion: 60% Radiocarpal 50-60°, 40% Midcarpal joint 35-40°
Extension: 40% Radiocarpal 35-40°, 60% Midcarpal joint 50-55°
Ulnar Deviation: Radiocarpal 30-35°, Midcarpal 15-20°
Radial Deviation: Equal contribution 15°

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are carpals attaching to each metacarpal?

A

Digit 2: Trapezoid
Digit 3: Capitate
Digit 4: Hamate
Digit 5: Hamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of joint is the metacarpophalangeal joint?

A

Biaxial Condylar joint - Metacarpal heads are convex and the phalanges are concave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What ligaments are involved in the metacarpophalangeal joints?

A
  • Medial Collateral ligament
  • Lateral Collateral ligament
  • Deep transverse ligament
  • Volar Plate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the purpose of Volar Plate?

A

A plate of cartilage which surfaces the anterior palmar region of the MCP joints, lined for articulation; longer concavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of joint is the Interphalangeal joints?

A
  • Simple Hinge joint

- Smaller Volar plates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the carpal and type of joint of the 1st Carpometacarpal joint?

A
  • Attachment to the Trapezium

- Saddle joint: multiaxial

17
Q

What 3 ligaments are associated with the thumb?

A
  • Radial Carpometacarpal ligament (Lateral)

- Anterior and Posterior Oblique ligaments (Lateral on carpal, Medial on metacarpal)

18
Q

What movements are possible at the thumb?

A

Flexion and Extension (Towards palm)
Abduction and adduction (To and Away from Knuckles)
Opposition (Pad of thumb to fingers)

19
Q

What muscles are in the superficial layer which extend the wrist? What is CEO? 3 Wrist 3 Fingers

A

CEO is the Common Extensor Origin is the Lateral Epicondyle

  • Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: I = Base of 5th metacarpal
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus: I = Base of 2nd metacarpal
  • Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis: I = Base of 3rd metacarpal
  • Extensor Digitorum: I = Splits to base of the proximal phalanx of digits 2-5
  • Extensor digiti minimi: I = Digital expansion of 5th digit
  • Extensor indicis: O = Posterior surface of Ulna I = Dorsal Digital Expanison of 2nd digit
20
Q

What are the actions of the superficial layer of muscles coming from the CEO?

A
  • Extensor Carpi Ulnaris: Ulnar Deviation and extension

- Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus and Brevis: Radial Deviation and extension

21
Q

What is the Dorsal Digital Expansion?

A

The extensor ‘hood’ supplies attachment for lumbricals and interossei and stabilises the tendon in midline of the finger

22
Q

What are the deep extensors of the wrist and what are their insertions? 3 Thumb

A
  • Extensor Pollicis Longus: O = Lateral aspect of the Ulna; middle I = Base of distal phalanx
  • Extensor Pollicis Brevis: O = Posterior surface of Radius I = Base of proximal of the thumb
  • Adductor Pollicis Longus: O = Posterior surface of Ulna and Radius I = Radial side of base of 1st metacarpal
23
Q

What are the actions of the deep extensor muscles of the wrist?

A
  • Extensor Pollicis Longus and Brevis: Extension and assists in abduction of wrist
  • Adductor Pollicis Longus: Keeps thumb in midrange
24
Q

What are the insertions and actions of the supinator?

A

Origin: CEO, Annular ligament and Supinator crest (Ulna)
Insertion: Anterior, Lateral, and Posterior aspects of Radius
Actions: Supinate forearm to lie the Radius laterally

25
Q

What are the 4 intrinsic muscles of the hand and what are their insertions?

A
  • Flexor Pollicis Brevis: O = Trapezium and Scaphoid I = Midline of proximal phalanx
  • Abductor Pollicis Brevis: O = Trapezium I = Base of proximal phalanx laterally
  • Adductor Pollicis: O = Capitate, and 2nd & 3rd metacarpal I = Base of proximal phalanx medially
  • Opponens Pollicis: O = Trapezium I = Radial border of 1st metacarpal
26
Q

What are the muscles in the Hypothenar eminence? 5th digit

A
  • Abductor Digit Minimi: O = Pisiform I = Base of proximal phalanx 5th digit
  • Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis: O = Hamate I = Midline of base of proximal phalanx
  • Opponens Digiti Minimi: O = Hamate I = Lateral Border of metacarpal
27
Q

What are the function and insertions of interossei of the hand? PAD NAD

A
  • Palmar Interossei: 3 muscles which originate of metacarpal which rise to the proximal phalanges. ADDUCT TOWARDS 3rd DIGIT
  • Dorsal Interossei: 4 muscles which originate laterally on base of metacarpals and rise to proximal phalanges ABDUCT AWAY FROM 3rd DIGIT
28
Q

What are the lumbricals of the hand and what are their insertions and action?

A
  • There are 4 lumbricals for digits 2–>5
  • Rising from Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendons
  • Move obliquely to the Dorsal Digital Expansions
    Actions: Flex the MCP and stimultaneously extending proximal and distal Phanlangeal joints
29
Q

What protects the hand from trauma of tendons?

A

Palmar Aponeurosis

30
Q

What is the definition of Synergistic muscle action?

A

Muscle which is active to limit the action of the prime mover over moving joints.
eg Someone hold a heavy object, Bicep Brachii prime mover, Brachalis preventing complete flexion at the elbow

31
Q

What is the definition of Co-ordination Fixator muscle action?

A

Isometric contraction of the antagonistic pair to hold the joint in place
- Holding heavy weight in a fixed position

PT414 - Applied Anatomy (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions