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PT414 - Applied Anatomy > Shoulder Girdle - Bones, Joints, and Muscles > Flashcards

Shoulder Girdle - Bones, Joints, and Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 landmarks of the proximal end of Humerus?

Important ones you need to get

A
  1. Humeral Head*
  2. Anatomical Neck
  3. Lesser tuberosity*
  4. Intertubercular Sulcus* (groove)
  5. Greater Tuberosity*
  6. Surgical Neck
  7. Shaft of Humerus
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2
Q

What does the humeral head articulate with in the shoulder joint?

A

Glenoid Cavity (Labrum)

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3
Q

What are the ligaments of the Glenoid Cavity (GC)?

A

Superior GH Ligament:
O = Upper Border of GC I = Upper Aspect of Lesser Tuberosity
Middle GH Ligament:
O = Upper Border of GC I = Anterior of Lesser Tuberosity
Inferior GH Ligament:
O = Both sides of GC (Ant & Post) I = Neck of Humerus
Thickenings in fascia
Coracohumeral Ligament
- Originates on the coracoid process and inserts to the margin of humeral head

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4
Q

What is purpose of ligaments in the Glenoid Cavity?

A

Significantly, the ligaments are very active in rotational movements.
Neutrally these ligaments are relatively lax and DONT STABILISE THE JOINT

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5
Q

What are the “dynamic ligaments” of the GH joint?

A
  • Subscapularis
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres Minor
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6
Q

Why are the rotator muscles considered as “dynamic ligaments” of the GH joint?

A

They encompassed GH joint and they individually tense to stabilise the joint.

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7
Q

What is the function and name of a significant bursa in the GH joint?

A

Sub-Acrominal Bursa: Its functions to prevent the acromion process impinging and putting friction onto bicep tendon especially during abduction

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8
Q

What are the insertions and actions of the Supraspinatus?

A 
Originates = Supraspinatus fossa, above spine of scapula
Insertion = Runs laterally and under the acromion, inserts to superior aspect of the greater tuberosity.
Actions = Abduction
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9
Q

What are the insertions and actions of Infraspinatus?

A 
Originates = Infraspinatus fossa, beneath spine of scapula 
Insertion = Runs laterally, to insert into the posterior margin of the greater tuberosity of humerus 
Actions = Lateral rotation
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10
Q

What are the insertions and actions of Teres Minor?

A 
Originates = Lateral border of scapula 
Insertion = Runs underneath infraspinatus, and inserts to the posterior margin of the greater tuberosity of humerus 
Actions = Lateral Rotation
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11
Q

What are the insertions and actions of Subscapularis?

A 
Originates = Subscapular fossa 
Insertion = Runs laterally, inserts into the lesser tuberosity of humerus 
Actions = Medial Rotation
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12
Q

What are the 5 muscles involved of moving the scapula?

A 
Trapezius 
Serratus Anterior 
Rhomboid Minor 
Rhomboid Major 
Levator Scapulae
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13
Q

What are the insertions of the Trapezius?

A

Upper Fibres: Cervical spinous processes, lateral aspect of the Clavicle and Superior Nuchal line of the occiput
Middle Fibres: Lower Cervical and Upper Thoracic spinous processes, and spine of scapula
Lower Fibres: Thoracic spinous process and medial border of scapula

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14
Q

What are the actions of Trapezius?

A

Upper Fibres: Elevation
Middle Fibres: Retraction
Lower Fibres: Depression

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15
Q

What are the insertions and actions of Serratus Anterior?

A 
Originates = Medial and Inferior Borders of Scapula, anteriorly 
Insertions = Top 9 shafts of ribs; at the mid-axillary line
Actions = Protraction of Shoulder
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16
Q

What movement is produced when serratus anterior and Trapezius are contracting?

A

The upper and lower fibres of Trapezius and Serratus Anterior cause LATERAL ROTATION of the scapula

17
Q

What are the insertions of Rhomboid Major/Minor and Levator Scapulae?

A

Rhomboid Major:
O = Medial Border of Scapula I = Spinous processes T2 - T6
Rhomboid Minor:
O = Medial Border of Scapula I = Spinous processes C7 and T1
Levator Scapulae:
O = Very top of Medial Border of Scapula I = Transverse processes of C1 -C4

18
Q

What are the actions of the Rhomboids and Levator Scapulae?

A

Rhomboids - Retraction of Scapula

Levator Scapulae - Elevation

19
Q

What the deep muscles are the anterior aspect of the shoulder girdle?

A

Pectoralis Minor

Subclavius

20
Q

What are the insertions and actions of the deep anterior muscles of the shoulder girdle?

A

Pectoralis Minor:
O = Coracoid process I = Anterior angle of ribs 3 - 5
Subclavius:
O = Inferior aspect process at the midpoint of the clavicle I = Anterior angle of rib 1
Actions: Protraction of shoulder

21
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the shoulder girdle that are involved in the glenohumeral joint?

A 
Deltoids (Anterior, Superior and Posterior) 
Pectoralis Major 
Latissimus Dorsi 
Teres Major 
Coracobrachialis
22
Q

What are the origins of the 3 deltoid muscles?

A

Anterior fibres - Anterolateral aspect of the clavicle
Superior (Middle) fibres - Acromion process
Posterior fibres - Spine of Scapula

23
Q

What are the insertions of the 3 deltoid muscles?

A

All the fibres of Deltoid insert onto the deltoid tubercle of the humerus

24
Q

What actions do the separate deltoid fibres perform?

A

Anterior fibres - Abduction
Superior (Middle) fibres - Horizontal flexion, Medial Rotation
Posterior fibres - Horizontal flexion, Lateral Rotation
ALL FIBRES TOGETHER PERFORM ABDUCTION

25
Q

What are the 4 insertions of Pectoralis Major?

A
  • Medial 2/3 of Clavicle
  • Lateral Wall Intertubercular Sulcus of Humerus
  • Sternum
  • Lower Aspect of the Costal Cartilages 6 & 7
26
Q

What are the actions of Pectoralis Major?

A

ALL FIBRES TOGETHER PERFORM = Adduction and Medial Rotation
Clavicular fibres - Horizontal Flexion
Sternal Fibres - Extension from flexion, vice versa

27
Q

What are the insertions of Latissimus Dorsi?

A
  • Spinous Processes from T7 - L5
  • Sacrum
  • The bed of Intertubercular Sulcus (Anterior)
  • Iliac Crest*
  • Lower Ribs*
  • Inferior Angle of Scapula*
28
Q

What are the actions of Latissimus Dorsi?

A
  • Adduction
  • Medial Rotation
  • Extension from flexion*
29
Q

What are the two deep posterior muscles of shoulder girdle involved with the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • Teres Major

- Coracobrachialis

30
Q

What are the insertions and actions of the Teres Major?

A

Origin - Posterior aspect of the inferior angle of Scapula
Insertion - Runs anteriorly to the Intertubercular Sulcus medially
Actions - Adduction and Medial Rotation

31
Q

What are the insertions and actions of Coracobrachialis?

A

Origin - Coracoid Process
Insertion - Medial Aspect of the shaft of humerus
Action - Adduction

32
Q

What are the 7 bony landmarks of the scapula?

A
  • Coracoid Process (Most Anterior)
  • Acromion Process (Most Posterior and Superior)
  • Glenoid Fossa
  • Spine of Scapula
  • Lateral, Inferior, Medial Borders
33
Q

What are the bony landmarks of the Clavicle?

A
  • Articular surfaces for Sternum and Acromion
  • Conoid Tubercle*
  • Trapezoid Line* (Ligamentous attachments for the Coracoclavicular complex)
  • Impression for Costoclavicular ligament
34
Q

What are the joints/articulation of the shoulder complex?

A
  • Glenohumeral joint
  • Sternoclavicular joint
  • Acromioclavicular joint
  • Scapulothoracic articulation*
  • Subacromial articulation*
35
Q

What is the only bony structure which links the upper torso to the upper limb? What are its physical features?

A

Acromioclavicular Joint:

  • Has a small articular disc
  • Has superior and inferior coracoclavicular ligaments; stabilises the joint

PT414 - Applied Anatomy (9 decks)

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