Pelvic Girdle - Bones, Joints and Muscles Flashcards
What are the four significant bones in the pelvic girdle?
Innominate Bones - Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
Sacrum
With the three innominate bones fused together, what is the area called on the inferior-posterior side aspect of the pelvic girdle for the head of femur to articulate?
Acetabulum
Name 6 bony landmarks of the ilium
- Iliac crest
- ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine)
- AIIS (Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine)
- PSIS (Posterior Superior)
- PIIS (Posterior Inferior)
- Greater Sciatic Notch (Posterior)
Name 3 bony landmarks of the Ischium
- Ischial Tuberosity (Most inferior)
- Ischial Spine (Most posterior, ligament attachment)
- Ischial Ramus (Inferior and runs transversely to fuse with the pubic ramus; create the obturator foramen)
Name 6 bony landmarks of the Pubis
- Body of Pubis
- Inferior Pubic Ramus
- Superior Pubic Ramus
- Pubic Tubercle (Above the Articular Surface)
- Pectin Pubis (Anterior Ridge)
- Articular surface for Pubic Symphysis
Name 8 bony landmarks of the Sacrum
- Superior Articular Process (For S5)
- Vertebral Canal (Passage for spinal cord, protects it)
- Sacral Foramina (Passages for nerves, holes)
- Median Sacral Crest
- Ala (Body of sacrum)
- Sacral Promontory (Most Anterior Prominence)
- Coccyx (Most Posterior)
What is the joint called with the sacrum and pelvis?
How do the ligament maintain the joint?
Sacroiliac joint
The interosseous ligament is a deep ligament which are posteriorly attached and run obliquely and inferiorly across the joint on the Ala of the sacrum
What are the three ligaments for the sacroiliac joint?
- Interosseous ligament
- Sacrotuberous ligament (From the ala to the posterior aspect of ischial/pubic Ramus)
- Sacrospinous ligament (From the ala to the spine of ischium)
What are the movements of the Sacroiliac joint?
- Nutation, Infero-posterior glide, which is a slight rotational movement. (Coccyx moving posteriorly)
- Counter-nutation, Supero-anterior glide (Coccyx moving anteriorly)
What are 4 ligaments of the Sacrococcygeal joint?
- Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (distal end of the anterior spinal ligament)
- Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (distal end of posterior spinal ligament)
- Lateral sacrococcygeal ligament
- Posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?
Cartilaginous
What are the biological features of the pubic symphysis?
- Inferior and Superior pubic ligaments
- Fibrocartilaginous disc
- Hyaline Cartilage (Inbetween the disc and the pubic articular surface)
What are the noticeable differences between a male pelvis and a female pelvis?
- Female have a wider pelvis, more rounded
- The male pubic ramus have a more acute angle; female pelvis is more shallow
- The sciatic notch in a female has a larger angle
What are 5 bony landmarks of the proximal of the femur?
- Head of Femur
- Fovea Capitis (Deepest ligament for attachment for the femur, Ligamentum Teres)
- Lesser Trochanter
- Greater Trochanter
- Neck (Angled medially, superiorly and anteriorly)
What are the important landmarks of the Acetabulum?
- Acetabular Labrum (Horseshoe-shaped fibrocartilage to increase stability)
- Acetabular notch (Gap for nutrients, nerves, vessels to enter the joint)
- Transverse ligament (Holds the labrum together)
- Zona Orbicularis (Fibrous capsule around the neck of femur to hold the synovial membrane in place)
What is the proximal and distal attachment of the joint capsule of the Hip joint?
Proximal - Acetabular Labrum
Distal - Intertrochanteric Crest.
What are the three primary ligaments of the hip joint?
- Iliofemoral ligament
- Pubofemoral ligament
- Ischiofemoral ligament
What are the insertions of Psoas Major?
Psoas Major:
- Originates in the lumbar spine and passes under the inguinal ligament inferiorly and laterally.
- Distally attaches to the lesser trochanter on the femur.
Why is there a bursa in the inguinal area?
The iliopsoas bursa is placed between the muscles and the bone and is a synovial sack to reduce friction at the ilium.
What are the deepest, middle and most superficial of the gluteal muscles?
Gluteus Minimus: (Smallest and Deepest) Creates adduction
Gluteus Maximus: (Largest and Superficial) Extension
Gluteus medius: (Overlays minimus) Abduction
What are the proximal attachment points of the large gluteal muscles?
Gluteal lines
(Gluteus Maximus) - Proximal attachment is behind the posterior gluteal line and the lateral aspects of the sacrum and coccyx and ligamentous insertions to the sacrotuberous ligament
(Gluteus Medius) - Proximal attachment is in between the anterior and the posterior gluteal line.
(Gluteus Minimus) - Proximal attachment is between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines
What are the distal attachments of the large gluteal muscles?
(Gluteus Maximus) - Distally attaches to gluteal tuberosity (on posterior femur) and superficial fibres which is thickened fascia called the iliotibial tract.
(Gluteus Medius)- Distal attachment is the lateral side of the greater trochanter.
(Gluteus Minimus) - Distal attachment is the greater trochanter
What is the Tensor Fasica Latae (TFL) and name its insertions and movements?
TFL is a hip flexor, abductor and medial rotator.
- Proximally attaches to the iliac crest round to the ilium below ASIS.
- Runs down the lateral side of the femur to Distally attaches to the lateral condyle of the tibia
Lateral rotators are located in the gluteal region, name 3 the significant deep gluteal muscles?
Name 6 if possible
- Piriformis: Most superior and is associated with the sciatic nerve
- Obturator interus: Starts in the anterior of pelvis and pass through the obturator foramen and distally attaches to the greater trochanter
- Quadratus femoris: Starts at the ischial tuberosity, through the obturator foramen to the greater trochanter
- Gemellus Superior: Above obturator internus
- Gemellus Inferior: Below obturator internus
- Obturator exturnus
What are the insertions of Iliacus?
Iliacus:
- Originates in the iliac fossa, passes under the inguinal ligament
- Distally attaches to the lesser trochanter.
What muscles create hip flexion at the hip?
- Psoas Major
- Iliacus
- (Rectus Femoris)
- (Sartorius)
