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PT414 - Applied Anatomy > Pelvic Girdle - Bones, Joints and Muscles > Flashcards

Pelvic Girdle - Bones, Joints and Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four significant bones in the pelvic girdle?

A

Innominate Bones - Ilium, Ischium, Pubis

Sacrum

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2
Q

With the three innominate bones fused together, what is the area called on the inferior-posterior side aspect of the pelvic girdle for the head of femur to articulate?

A

Acetabulum

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3
Q

Name 6 bony landmarks of the ilium

A
  • Iliac crest
  • ASIS (Anterior Superior Iliac Spine)
  • AIIS (Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine)
  • PSIS (Posterior Superior)
  • PIIS (Posterior Inferior)
  • Greater Sciatic Notch (Posterior)
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4
Q

Name 3 bony landmarks of the Ischium

A
  • Ischial Tuberosity (Most inferior)
  • Ischial Spine (Most posterior, ligament attachment)
  • Ischial Ramus (Inferior and runs transversely to fuse with the pubic ramus; create the obturator foramen)
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5
Q

Name 6 bony landmarks of the Pubis

A
  • Body of Pubis
  • Inferior Pubic Ramus
  • Superior Pubic Ramus
  • Pubic Tubercle (Above the Articular Surface)
  • Pectin Pubis (Anterior Ridge)
  • Articular surface for Pubic Symphysis
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6
Q

Name 8 bony landmarks of the Sacrum

A
  • Superior Articular Process (For S5)
  • Vertebral Canal (Passage for spinal cord, protects it)
  • Sacral Foramina (Passages for nerves, holes)
  • Median Sacral Crest
  • Ala (Body of sacrum)
  • Sacral Promontory (Most Anterior Prominence)
  • Coccyx (Most Posterior)
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7
Q

What is the joint called with the sacrum and pelvis?

How do the ligament maintain the joint?

A

Sacroiliac joint
The interosseous ligament is a deep ligament which are posteriorly attached and run obliquely and inferiorly across the joint on the Ala of the sacrum

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8
Q

What are the three ligaments for the sacroiliac joint?

A
  • Interosseous ligament
  • Sacrotuberous ligament (From the ala to the posterior aspect of ischial/pubic Ramus)
  • Sacrospinous ligament (From the ala to the spine of ischium)
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9
Q

What are the movements of the Sacroiliac joint?

A
  • Nutation, Infero-posterior glide, which is a slight rotational movement. (Coccyx moving posteriorly)
  • Counter-nutation, Supero-anterior glide (Coccyx moving anteriorly)
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10
Q

What are 4 ligaments of the Sacrococcygeal joint?

A
  • Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (distal end of the anterior spinal ligament)
  • Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (distal end of posterior spinal ligament)
  • Lateral sacrococcygeal ligament
  • Posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
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11
Q

What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?

A

Cartilaginous

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12
Q

What are the biological features of the pubic symphysis?

A
  • Inferior and Superior pubic ligaments
  • Fibrocartilaginous disc
  • Hyaline Cartilage (Inbetween the disc and the pubic articular surface)
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13
Q

What are the noticeable differences between a male pelvis and a female pelvis?

A
  • Female have a wider pelvis, more rounded
  • The male pubic ramus have a more acute angle; female pelvis is more shallow
  • The sciatic notch in a female has a larger angle
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14
Q

What are 5 bony landmarks of the proximal of the femur?

A
  • Head of Femur
  • Fovea Capitis (Deepest ligament for attachment for the femur, Ligamentum Teres)
  • Lesser Trochanter
  • Greater Trochanter
  • Neck (Angled medially, superiorly and anteriorly)
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15
Q

What are the important landmarks of the Acetabulum?

A
  • Acetabular Labrum (Horseshoe-shaped fibrocartilage to increase stability)
  • Acetabular notch (Gap for nutrients, nerves, vessels to enter the joint)
  • Transverse ligament (Holds the labrum together)
  • Zona Orbicularis (Fibrous capsule around the neck of femur to hold the synovial membrane in place)
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16
Q

What is the proximal and distal attachment of the joint capsule of the Hip joint?

A

Proximal - Acetabular Labrum

Distal - Intertrochanteric Crest.

17
Q

What are the three primary ligaments of the hip joint?

A
  • Iliofemoral ligament
  • Pubofemoral ligament
  • Ischiofemoral ligament
18
Q

What are the insertions of Psoas Major?

A

Psoas Major:

  • Originates in the lumbar spine and passes under the inguinal ligament inferiorly and laterally.
  • Distally attaches to the lesser trochanter on the femur.
19
Q

Why is there a bursa in the inguinal area?

A

The iliopsoas bursa is placed between the muscles and the bone and is a synovial sack to reduce friction at the ilium.

20
Q

What are the deepest, middle and most superficial of the gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteus Minimus: (Smallest and Deepest) Creates adduction
Gluteus Maximus: (Largest and Superficial) Extension
Gluteus medius: (Overlays minimus) Abduction

21
Q

What are the proximal attachment points of the large gluteal muscles?
Gluteal lines

A

(Gluteus Maximus) - Proximal attachment is behind the posterior gluteal line and the lateral aspects of the sacrum and coccyx and ligamentous insertions to the sacrotuberous ligament
(Gluteus Medius) - Proximal attachment is in between the anterior and the posterior gluteal line.
(Gluteus Minimus) - Proximal attachment is between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines

22
Q

What are the distal attachments of the large gluteal muscles?

A

(Gluteus Maximus) - Distally attaches to gluteal tuberosity (on posterior femur) and superficial fibres which is thickened fascia called the iliotibial tract.
(Gluteus Medius)- Distal attachment is the lateral side of the greater trochanter.
(Gluteus Minimus) - Distal attachment is the greater trochanter

23
Q

What is the Tensor Fasica Latae (TFL) and name its insertions and movements?

A

TFL is a hip flexor, abductor and medial rotator.

  • Proximally attaches to the iliac crest round to the ilium below ASIS.
  • Runs down the lateral side of the femur to Distally attaches to the lateral condyle of the tibia
24
Q

Lateral rotators are located in the gluteal region, name 3 the significant deep gluteal muscles?
Name 6 if possible

A
  • Piriformis: Most superior and is associated with the sciatic nerve
  • Obturator interus: Starts in the anterior of pelvis and pass through the obturator foramen and distally attaches to the greater trochanter
  • Quadratus femoris: Starts at the ischial tuberosity, through the obturator foramen to the greater trochanter
    • Gemellus Superior: Above obturator internus
    • Gemellus Inferior: Below obturator internus
    • Obturator exturnus
25
Q

What are the insertions of Iliacus?

A

Iliacus:

  • Originates in the iliac fossa, passes under the inguinal ligament
  • Distally attaches to the lesser trochanter.
26
Q

What muscles create hip flexion at the hip?

A
  • Psoas Major
  • Iliacus
    • (Rectus Femoris)
    • (Sartorius)

PT414 - Applied Anatomy (9 decks)

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