wrist and hand

Question 1

Bony Points

Answer 1

Radial styloid
dorsal tuberosity of radius
ulna head 
ulna styloid
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate
metacarpals

Question 2

Radiocarpal joint

Answer 2

• condyloid joint
• NOT articulate with the ulna due to articular disc made of fibrocartilage
• forms flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

Question 3

Radiocarpal ligaments

Answer 3

1. palmar radiocarpal (radius - both rows of C)
2. dorsal radiocarpal (radius - both rows of C)
3. ulnar collateral (styloid - triquetrum and pisiform)
4. radial collateral (styloid - scaphoid and trapezium)

Question 4

inferior radioulnar joint

Answer 4

• pivot joint
• pronation and supination
• joined by interosseous membrane = aids stability, acts as attachment site

Question 5

carpometacarpals

Answer 5

saddle joint - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction

Question 6

metacarpophalangeal joint

Answer 6

(knuckles) condyloid - same movement = increases movement

Question 7

interphalangeal joints

Answer 7

hinge joint - flexion/ extension (2 joints for digits 2-5)

Question 8

Flexor carpi radialis

Answer 8

A: flex, abduct the wrist
O: common flexor tenon
I: bases of 2nd/ 3rd MC
N: median

Question 9

Palmaris Longus

Answer 9

A: Tense palmar fascia, flex the wist
O: common flexor tendon
I: flexor retinaculum
N: median

Question 10

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Answer 10

A: flex, adduct the wrist
O: humeral head: common flexor tendon, ulnar head: post surface of prox ulna
I: Pisiform, hook of hamate, 5th base MC
N: ulnar

Question 11

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Answer 11

A: flex the 2nd – 5th fingers and flex the wrist
O: common flexor tendon, ulnar collateral ligament, ulna coronoid process and pro shaft of radius
I: sides of 2nd/3rd middle phalanges
N: median

Question 12

Flexor digitorum profundus

Answer 12

A: flex the 2nd-5th gingers, assist to flex the wrist
O: anterior/medial surface of ulna
I: bases of distal phalanges, palmar surface of 2nd-5th fingers
N: 2nd/3rd finger: median
4th/5th finger: ulnar

Question 13

extensor carpi ulnaris

Answer 13

A: extend and adduct the wrist
O: common extensor tendon
I: base of 5th MC
N: radial

Question 14

extensor carpi longus and brevis

Answer 14

A: extend and abduct the wrist
O: Longus: lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus, brevis: common extensor tendon
I: Longus: base of 2nd MC, Brevis: base of 3rd MC
N: both Radial

Question 15

extensor digitorum

Answer 15

A: extend the 2nd-5th fingers
O: common extensor tendon
I: bases of middle and distal phalanges of 2nd-5th
N: radial

Question 16

extensor indicies

Answer 16

A: extend the 2nd finger
O: distal 1/3 of posterior ulna surface
I: 2intermediat/distal phalanges of 2nd digit
N: radial

Question 17

extensor digiti minimi

Answer 17

A: extension of little finger
O: lateral epicondyle of the humerus
I: bases of intermediate/distal phalanges of the 5th finger
N: radial

Question 18

(thumb) abductor pollicis longus

Answer 18

A: abduct, extend the wrist
O: posterior surface of radius and ulna
I: base of 1st MC
N: radial

Question 19

(thumb) extensor pollicis longus/brevis

Answer 19

A: EPL extends the thumb // EPB extends the thumb, abducts the wrist
O: longus: posterior surface of ulna, brevis: posterior surface of radius
I: longus: base of distal phalanx of thumb, brevis: base of proximal phalanx of thumb
N: radial

Question 20

Thenar group

Answer 20

• located base of thumb

- abducts/ flexes/ opposes the thumb

Question 21

hypothernar group

Answer 21

• ulnar side of palm

- flex and oppose the little finger

Question 22

Pulses

Answer 22

ulnar and radial

Question 23

veins

Answer 23

basilic - originates from dorsal venous network of hand, ascends the medially (combines with brachial veins = axillary vein)
cephalic - originates from dorsal venous network of hand, ascends antero-laterally
(empties to axillary vein too)
medial cubital vein - connects these veins

Question 24

Ulnar nerve

Answer 24

• C8-T1
• brachial plexus - medial aspect of upper arm - passes posterior to med epicondyle of humerus - give rise to articular branches - pierces FCU/ deep muscles alongside ulna - superficial to flexor retinaculum
  Terminates into deep/ sup cutaneous
• motor: FCU, FDP, hypothernar, adductor pol, 2 medial lumbricals
• sensory: palmar/ dorsal cutaneous/ superficial branch

Question 25

Radial nerve

Answer 25

• C5-T1
• brachial plexus - axilla region - exits A inferiorly (branches to long/lat heads of tricep)- down arm, wrap around humerus laterlly - anterior lat epicon of humerus to enter forearm. Terminates - deep/superficial
  motor: 3 heads tricep, brachioradialis, ECR
  sensory: dorsal / palmer thumb