shoulder and neck

Question 1

Bony points

Answer 1

spinous and transverse processes of cervical
spinous processes of thoracic
ribs/ costal acrtilages
clavicle
jugular notch
sternum
scapula
greater and lesser tuberosity of humerus

Question 2

Acromioclavicular joint

Answer 2

• PLANE joint
• palpated: 2/3cm medially from tip of acromion
• joined by fibrocartilage
• ligaments: acromioclavicular, conoid and trapezoid ligament
• no muscle acts directly on the joint

Question 3

glenohumeral joint

Answer 3

• BALL AND SOCKET joint
• covered in hyaline cartilage
• glenoid labrum deepens glenoid fossa to increase stability of increased range of movement
• synovial bursae are present to reduce friction between structures

Question 4

GH ligaments

Answer 4

• 3 GH ligaments
• coracohumeral
• transverse humeral
• coracoclavicular

Question 5

GH movements

Answer 5

flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation

Question 6

Sternocleidomastoid O/I

Answer 6

O: manubrium and medial clavical
I: mastoid process

Question 7

sternocleidomastoid actions

Answer 7

lateral flexion of head to same side and rotation of head to opposite side

Question 8

Trapezius O/I

Answer 8

O: occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchaen, s process of C7-T12
I: lateral 1/3 clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

Question 9

trapezius actions

Answer 9

upper: laterally flex/ rotate head at same side, elevate scapula
middle: adduct scapula
lower: depress and upwardly rotate scapula

Question 10

latissimus dorsi O/I

Answer 10

O: inferior angle scapula, s process of T6-12, last 3/4 ribs, iliac crest
I: intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 11

lat dori actions

Answer 11

extension, adduction and medial rotation of shoulder

Question 12

teres major O/I

Answer 12

O: inferior angle scapula, lower lateral border
I: crest of lesser tuberosity of humerus

Question 13

teres major actions

Answer 13

extension, adduction and medial rotation of the shoulder

Question 14

serratus anterior actions

Answer 14

abduct, upwardly rotates and depresses scapula

Question 15

serratus anterior O/I

Answer 15

O: external surfaces upper 8/9 ribs
I: anterior surface/ medial border of scapula

Question 16

supraspinatus O/I

Answer 16

O: supraspinatus fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus

Question 17

supraspinatus actions

Answer 17

abducts the shoulder

Question 18

infraspinatus O/I

Answer 18

O: infraspinatus fossa of scapula
I: greater tubercle of humerus

Question 19

deltoid O/I

Answer 19

O: later 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
I: deltoid tuberosity

Question 20

deltoid actions

Answer 20

all fibres abduct the shoulder
anterior fibres flex, medially rotate, horizontally abduct the shoulder
posterior fibres extend, laterally rotate and horizontally abducts the shoulder

Question 21

pectoralis major O/I

Answer 21

O: medial clavicle, sternum, cartilage of 1-6 ribs
I: crest of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 22

pectoralis major actions

Answer 22

all fibres adduct, medially rotate the shoulder
upper fibres flex and horizontally adduct
lower fibres extend the shoulder

Question 23

biceps brachii O/I

Answer 23

O: short head: coracoid process
long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: tuberosity of radius

Question 24

biceps brachii actions

Answer 24

flexion, supination at elbow and flex shoulder

Question 25

triceps brachii O/I

Answer 25

O: long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lateral head: posterior prox 1/2 of humerus
medial head: posterior distal 1/2 humerus
I: olecranon process of ulna

Question 26

tricep brachii actions

Answer 26

extends the elbow, long head can extend and adduct the shoulder

Question 27

Axillary lymph nodes

Answer 27

• majorly found underarm
• responsible for receiving lymph from vessels dain the arm, the walls of the thorax, the breast and the upper walls of the abdomen
• divided into 5 groups for which receive and drain in different area of the axilla

Question 28

Brachial pulse

Answer 28

by hyperextending the arm - can feel the pulse on the more medial

Question 29

axillary nerve

Answer 29

• continuation of posterior brachial plexus
• anterior to subscapularis, exits axilla via quadrangular space, pass medial to neck of humerus where it divides
• motor: teres minor, deltoid
• sensory: skin over deltoids

Question 30

infraspinatus action

Answer 30

laterally rotate and adduct the shoulder