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Anatomy Final Exam Content > Wrist and Hand > Flashcards

Wrist and Hand Flashcards

1
Q

where is the thenar eminence located?

A

thumb side (radial side)

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2
Q

where is the hypothenar eminence located?

A

pinky side (ulnar side)

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3
Q

what do the hypothenar and thenar eminences contribute to?

A

better grasp

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4
Q

how are the palmar flexion creases formed?

A

by the amount of movement you do

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5
Q

what is the CMC joint?

A

carpometacarpal joint

carpal bone to base of metacarpal bone

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6
Q

what is the MCP joint?

A

metacarpophalangeal joint

head of metacarpal to base of proximal phalanx

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7
Q

what is the PIP joint?

A

proximal interphalangeal joint

head of proximal phalanx to base of middle phalanx

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8
Q

what is the DIP joint?

A

distal interphalangeal joint

head of middle phalanx to base of distal phalanx

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9
Q

where are the peripheral joints?

A

first, fourth, and fifth metacarpals

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10
Q

where are the central joints?

A

second and third metacarpals

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11
Q

what is the most important aspect of active grasp?

A

the mobility of the CMC joint

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12
Q

what kind of shape do the carpal bones/palmer surface of the hand make, and what is it good for?

A

bowl shaped (concavity)

good for grip

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13
Q

is there as much movement at the CMC joints of the second and third metacarpal as there is at the first, fourth, and fifth?

A

no, the peripheral joints provide more movement

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14
Q

what type of joint is the CMC joint of the thumb?

A

a sellar/saddle joint

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15
Q

what makes a joint a sellar/saddle joint?

A

there ALWAYS has to be a third movement involved

in terms of the thumb, it’s flex/ext, abd/add, AND opposition

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16
Q

what does having the ability to oppose differentiate for us?

A

separates us from other species

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17
Q

where are the two axis of the CMC joint of the thumb?

A

frontal axis through the tripezium

sagittal axis through the base of the first metacarpal

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18
Q

what shape is the MCP joint?

A

condylar shape – concave on top of convex

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19
Q

when in FLEXION, are the collateral ligaments taut or looser?

A

taut

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20
Q

when in EXTENSION, are the collateral ligaments taut or looser?

A

looser

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21
Q

what is another term for the palmar ligaments?

A

the palmar plates

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22
Q

what is the palmar ligament made up of?

A

fibrocartilaginous pads

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23
Q

what do the palmar ligaments/plates do?

A

holds the tendons in place for active grasp

24
Q

what do the deep transverse ligaments do?

A

connects the metacarpal heads

25
Q

the extensor hoods of the fingers are also known as what?

A

expansion hoods

26
Q

where are the extensor hoods located?

A

at the CMC joint

27
Q

what do the extensor hoods become?

A

expansion of the extensor digitorum tendon becomes a ligamental/connective tissue structure that anchors the tendon on to the bony structure of the finger

28
Q

what do the extensor hoods do?

A

protects the dorsal surface of the joints, then creates a fulcrum point, which gives that tendon the ability to release

29
Q

what type of joints are the PIP and DIP joints?

A

hinge joitns

30
Q

what action do the PIP and DIP joints provide?

A

flexion and extension

31
Q

what is the other name for the palmar plates (yes, there’s a third name)

A

volar plates

32
Q

what do the palmar plates do?

A

protects the joint on the palmar surface and prevents hyperextension

33
Q

what is important to know about the palmaris longus?

A

it is not present in everyone/most, some people could also only have it on one side

34
Q

what does the palmar aponeurosis do?

A

connects to the distal edge of the flexor retinaculum and provides an insertion point for some flexor muscles

35
Q

what is Dupuytren’s?

A

it is a type of flexion contracture, especially at the MCP joint.

36
Q

what is the fibrous digital sheath?

A

ligamentous tissue that enclose synovial sheaths and tendons of the digits

37
Q

what does the fibrous digital sheath do?

A

provides strength and integrity at the joints

38
Q

what is the orientation of the fibers of the fibrous digital sheath?

A

cross hatch

39
Q

what is the benefit of the orientation of the fibrous digital sheath?

A

provides more strength/stability for holding tendons over the JOINT

ONLY HERE TO provide more strength

40
Q

where is the radial bursa located?

A

flexor pollicis longus

41
Q

where is the ulna bursa located?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus

42
Q

what do the digital synovial tendon sheaths do?

A

lubricates and secretes synovial fluid onto the tendon to allow ease of movement

43
Q

what can cause trigger finger?

A

swelling of the synovial sheaths, which can pull the tendons of the fingers down and create trigger finger

44
Q

what are the only two tendons that create active grasp in a flexed position?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus

45
Q

what is the role of the “lizard’s tongue” ending of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

allows passageway of the FDP tendon to attach to the distal phalanx

46
Q

what holds the extensor tendon sheaths together?

A

the extensor retinaculum

47
Q

what does the median nerve run under?

A

the palmaris longus, THRU carpal tunnel

48
Q

what is median nerve palsy also known as?

A

Pope’s Blessing*

Ape Hand

49
Q

what is median nerve palsy?

A

loss of the thenar muscles, results in the loss of opposition in the thumb

50
Q

where does the ulnar run ABOVE?

A

above the flexor retinaculum

51
Q

what is ulnar nerve palsy also known as?

A

Claw Hand

52
Q

what is ulnar nerve palsy?

A

loss of flexing action at the MCP joints

53
Q

what is radial nerve palsy also known as?

A

Wrist drop

54
Q

what is radial nerve palsy?

A

loss of all muscles capable of producing extension of the wrist DUE TO A COMPLETE LESION/SEVERING OF THE RADIAL NERVE

55
Q

What is ulnar nerve entrapment?

A

A painful disorder of the lower arm and wrist caused by compression of the ulnar nerve at the wrist in Guyon’s canal or in the cubital tunnel

Anatomy Final Exam Content (15 decks)

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