The Arm & Brachium Flashcards
what is considered the brachium?
head of the humerus to the elbow
what is the primary elbow joint?
humeroulnar joint
what are the three joints of the elbow?
humeroulnar
humeroradial
proximal radioulnar
what elbow joint is responsible for pronation and supination?
humeroradial
*more specifically - the radio-capitulum joint
what creates the carrying angle?
the lateral deviation that the obliquity (or angle) of the trochlea of the humerus creates
what movements does the elbow provide?
flexion and extension
the carrying angle MAY relate to the pelvis in terms of…
a larger carrying angle in women than in men
what does a VALGUS (normal cubitus or excessive cubitus) carrying angle mean?
the distal segment is abducted from the midline
what constitutes a VARUS carrying angle (cubitus varus)
any time the carrying angle is past 0 degrees (i.e. -2, -1, -4, etc)
which ligament is more likely to be damaged in baseball pitchers?
medial collateral ligament
AKA ulnar collateral ligament
tennis elbow is a result of…
a great deal of stress at the common tendon from all extensor muscles
what type of joint is the radio-capitulum joint?
pivot joint
what is the main function of the annular ligament?
maintains the radial head, provides stability at the proximal radio-ulnar joint
what is “nursemaid’s elbow?”
-pistoning effect
- when the radius moves down and creates a little vacuum, causing the annular ligament to get sucked in between the joint space
- more typical in children due to immaturity of bones/ligaments
what is the 0-degree (or neutral position) of the forearm?
thumb-up position
what is the cubital fossa?
triangular depression anterior to elbow joint
what runs through the cubital fossa?
biceps brachii tendon
brachial artery
median nerve
what is the cubital tunnel?
space between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon
what runs through the cubital tunnel?
the ulnar nerve
what is your “funny bone” and what happens when you hit it?
your funny bone is your ulnar nerve, essentially.
when the cubital tunnel is hit, the ulnar nerve is squashed into the medial epicondyle, resulting in a shocking sensation from your forearm down to your fingers
what muscles are in the anterior compartment in the arm and forearm?
flexor muscles
what muscles are in the posterior compartment in the arm and forearm?
extensor muscles
what happens if the olecranon bursa experiences a blow or pressure?
can become inflamed – olecranon bursitis. swelling and pain develop
what is the ARTERIAL circulation of the arm/brachium?
axillary, brachial, deep brachial, ulnar collateral, radial collateral, ulnar recurrents, radial recurrents
what are the abbreviations to remember the arterial circulation?
A B DB UC RC UR RR
what is the VENOUS circulation of the arm & brachium?
axillary, brachial, ulnar collateral, radial collateral, ulnar recurrents, radial recurrents
what are the abbreviations to remember the arterial circulation?
A B UC RC UR RR
what are the superficial veins of the arm/brachium?
cephalic, basilic, median cubital
(^on the palmar surface)
what creates the dorsal venous arch?
the cephalic and basilic arteries as they wrap around from palmar surface to dorsal surface
what do the brachial cutaneous nerves run from?
the lateral, medial, and posterior cords of the brachial plexus
what is the sensory innervation of the skin on the arm/brachium?
the cutaneous nerves
where does the musculocutaneous nerve come off of?
the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
where does the musculocutaneous nerve run through?
the coracobrachialis and passes through the cubital fossa
is the musculocutaneous nerve susceptible to increased tension, which could create a peripheral situation?
yes, as the musculocutaneous nerve running through the coracobrachialis/cubital fossa makes it a tension point
where does the median nerve come off of?
the medial and lateral cords of the brachial plexus
where does the ulnar nerve come off of?
the medial cord of the brachial plexus
where does the median nerve run through?
through the arm, but ONLY innervates the HAND muscles
what is the flexor retinaculum of the wrist?
it creates the carpal tunnel
also known as the VOLAR ligament
where does the radial nerve come off of?
the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
what does the radial nerve innervate?
posterior arm muscles
what is the primary shoulder flexion muscle?
biceps brachii
what is the primary elbow flexion muscle?
brachialis
