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Anatomy Final Exam Content > Forearm and Wrist > Flashcards

Forearm and Wrist Flashcards

1
Q

what is the antebrachium?

A

forearm (ulna and radius)

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2
Q

what is the carpus?

A

wrist

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3
Q

what is the pollex/pollicis?

A

thumb

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4
Q

what is the digiti minimi?

A

pinky

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5
Q

what does brevis mean?

A

the shorter one

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6
Q

which surfaces are dorsal/palmar?

A

dorsal = top of hand

palmar = palm side

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7
Q

what carpal bones make up the proximal row?

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

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8
Q

what carpal bones make up the distal row?

A

trapezium
trapezoid
capitate
hamate

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9
Q

what type of bone is the pisiform?

A

sesamoid

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10
Q

what is the largest carpal bone?

A

capitate

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11
Q

what do the hook of the hamate and the pisiform make?

A

Guyon’s canal

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12
Q

what type of joints are between the carpal bones?

A

plane-gliding joints

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13
Q

what is the primary job for the action of the hand?

A

grasping/releasing for uniform or irregularly shaped objects

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14
Q

the flexor retinaculum of the wrist is also known as the…

A

volar ligament

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15
Q

what is the job of the volar ligament?

A

holds all the tendons in place on the anterior wrist

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16
Q

what are the two muscles that run through the carpal tunnel?

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

flexor digitorum profundus

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17
Q

which nerve is commonly involved in pathology problems? how so?

A

the median nerve

the median nerve gets compressed if the volar ligament gets tight

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18
Q

how is the carpal arch formed?

A

the base is formed medially by the pisiform and the hook of the hamate , laterally by the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium

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19
Q

what connects the space between the medial/lateral sides of the base of the arch?

A

the flexor retinaculum

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20
Q

what is the benefit of the two sesamoid bones on the thumb?

A

it is good for grip by providing a strong grip – really brings the thumb in

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21
Q

what are the four wrist joints?

A

distal radio-ulnar

radial-carpal

intercarpal

midcarpal

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22
Q

what is the primary wrist joint?

A

radio-carpal joint

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23
Q

what type of joint is the distal radio-ulnar joint?

A

pivot joint

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24
Q

what does the distal radio-ulnar joint allow?

A

pronation / supination of the forearm

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25
Q

what shape is the distal radio-ulnar joint?

A

L-shaped

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26
Q

what does it mean if your wrist consistently clicks with little continuous movements?

A

there is damage to the articular disc , cartilage has been torn

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27
Q

what bones do the distal radius and distal surface of ulnar articular disk articulate with?

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum

28
Q

where does the radial collateral ligament originate and attach to?

A

radial styloid to scaphoid tubercle

29
Q

where does the ulnar collateral ligament originate and attach to?

A

ulnar styloid process to triquetrum and pisiform

30
Q

all collateral ligaments provide support in the BLANK plane

A

frontal

31
Q

where does the palmar ulnocarpal ligament originate and attach to?

A

distal ulna to lunate and triquetrum

32
Q

where does the palmar radiocarpal ligament originate and attach to?

A

distal radius to proximal row of carpals and capitate

33
Q

what is the role of the palmar radiocarpal ligament?

A

keeps the radius and hand together during supination

34
Q

where does the dorsal radiocarpal ligament originate and attach to?

A

distal radius to proximal row of carpal bones

35
Q

what is the role of dorsal radiocarpal ligament?

A

keeps the radius and hand together during pronation

36
Q

what is the benefit for the joints of the carpal bones being plane-gliding joints?

A

contributes to the ability for grasp and release

37
Q

where are the intercarpal and interosseus intercarpal ligaments located?

A

in between the carpal bones and bases of metacarpals

38
Q

where is the midcarpal joint?

A

between proximal and distal rows of carpal bones

39
Q

what does the midcarpal joint allow?

A

allows the distal row to move on the proximal row when in full grasp for heavy things

participates in all wrist movements to some extent

40
Q

which finger is the reference point for the other fingers with abduction/adduction?

A

the middle finger

41
Q

what point of reference does the middle finger follow?

A

the regular midline of the body

42
Q

what type of joint is the thumb?

A

saddle joint

43
Q

is the thumb saddle joint concave or convex?

A

both

44
Q

what PLANE does flexion/extension of the thumb occur in?

A

frontal plane

45
Q

what PLANE does abduction/adduction of the thumb occur in?

A

sagittal plane

46
Q

what AXIS does flexion/extension of the thumb occur in?

A

sagittal axis

47
Q

what AXIS does abduction/adduction of the thumb occur in?

A

frontal axis

48
Q

what is opposition of the thumb?

A

movement in the saddle joint so that the thumb touches the tips of the other fingers

49
Q

what is repositioning of the thumb?

A

bringing the thumb back to anatomical position

50
Q

where does the median nerve run through?

A

runs down the flexor forearm –> the carpal tunnel // underneath the volar ligament

51
Q

where does the ulnar nerve run through?

A

Guyon’s canal

52
Q

what is the radial nerve a direct branch level nerve off of?

A

the posterior cord

53
Q

where does the radial nerve run?

A

posterior arm –> extensor forearm –> dorsal surface of the wrist

54
Q

what does the median nerve innervate on the skin?

A

on the palmer side:
the thumb, index, middle, and lateral side of ring finger

on the dorsal side:
the tips of the thumb, index, middle, and medial side of the tip of the middle finger

55
Q

where does the ulnar nerve run?

A

on the palmar side

56
Q

does the ulnar nerve provide sensory or motor innervation?

A

both

motor innervation (deep branch)

sensory innervation (superficial branch)

57
Q

where does the ulnar nerve provide sensory innervation?

A

on the palmar side:
the ulnar side of the hand including the entire pinky and lateral side of the ring finger

on the dorsal side:
ulnar side of the hand including the entire pinky and MOST of the ring ringer EXCEPT the medial side of the tip of the ring finger

58
Q

what is the radial nerve responsible for?

A

wrist extension

59
Q

where does the radial nerve come off of and run through?

A

the posterior cord and runs down the dorsal part of the wrist

60
Q

what is the only part of the radial nerve that enters the hand?

A

the superficial branch

61
Q

where does the radial nerve provide sensory innervation?

A

on the palmar side:
dorsolateral aspect of the palm

on the dorsal side:
entire thumb, half of index and ring fingers, and medial half of the hand stopping at the wrist

62
Q

what does the flexor retinaculum do?

A

connects carpal bones on the palmar surface

forms roof of carpal tunnel

holds finger flexor tendons in place

63
Q

what does the EXTENSOR retinaculum do?

A

attached to bones via septa forming separate compartments for tendons

64
Q

the median nerve innervations all the flexor muscles except these two:

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor digitorum profundus

65
Q

what is pronator teres syndrome?

A

median nerve compression between the two heads of the pronator teres

Anatomy Final Exam Content (15 decks)

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