WR TL Flashcards
1
Q
1087
A
- William hands the explanatory letter to Lanfranc, who crowns him in September
- Robert Curthose is the Duke, so Normandy and England are split
2
Q
1088
A
- REBELLION!! (see important points)
- William of St-Calais’ Trial
- William pushes for an ecclesiastical trial for his involvement in the rebellion - claims to be a reformist (none of the bishops etc. believe him)
- Geoffrey of Coutances slightly backs William’s idea since he was also a forgiven rebel
- Most believe the State and Church should be close, not
3
Q
1089
A
Lanfranc dies - Canterbury is vacant!
4
Q
1090
A
Rufus bribes Philip to abandon Curthose in France, which led to high taxes.
5
Q
1091
A
- Rufus campaigns in Normandy and achieves an agreement - whoever dies without an heir becomes the other’s heir. Also Rufus earned Eu and Charbourg, while he had to fight to get Maine’s obedinece again.
- Edgar Atheling deprived of his lands.
- Both brothers return to England to fight Malcolm of Scotland who invaded Northumbria
- Malcolm was defeated and made to do homage to Rufus, as well as giving his son, Duncan, as a hostage. Curthose and Edgar Atheling acted as intermediaries in the negotiations.
- Herbert of Ramsay pays £1000 to become bishop of East Anglia then repents and seeks absolution from Urban II - shows there are some reform ideas
6
Q
1092
A
- Rufus returns to North to deal with disruption in Cumbria from Dolfin - he builds a castle at Carlisle and sends up peasants to cultivate the land.
- To have a buffer zone and so he can give lands out to his supporters
7
Q
1093
A
- Rufus is ill and appoints Anselm as archbishop of Canterbury (reluctant but agrees in December), Robert Bloet as bishop of Lincoln, and granted land to monasteries.
- Malcolm complains that Rufus broke the terms of the treaty, is summoned down and Rufus refuses to see him. Malcolm then begins raiding in Northern England once more.
- Malcolm and his son, Edward were murdered by a raid from Robert de Mowbray (earl of Northumbria) at Alnwick.
- Built a Cluniac monastery in Northampton, and St. Bodolph Priory in Colchester (Augustinian).
- Rhys ap Tewdwr dies; the Normans grab territory. Robert of Rhuddlan is killed by Gruffudd ap Cynan.
8
Q
1094
A
- Malcolm’s brother, Donald Ban seized the throne, then Duncan (Malcolm’s son who was hostage) drove out his uncle and ruled as Duncan II but was killed in 1094.
- Rufus goes over to Normandy again and summoned the fyrd. However, Rannulf Flambard took ten shillings from each of the men and sent them home - spent it on mercenaries.
- Roger of Montgomery dies, provoking Welsh unrest.
9
Q
1095
A
- Another rebellion! (see important points)
- Walter of Albarno (Papal Legate) visits - agrees that no papal legate or letter would be received in England except on the king’s orders. In return, Rufus recognises Urban II as pope (against Clement III)
- Anselm receives his Pallium but doesn’t help Walter hold a Council (Eadmer doesn’t mention)
- Council of Rockingham - royal vs papal authority. Chaired by William of St-Calais. No contemporary source apart from Eadmer mentions it, so it can’t have been significant.
- Rufus campaigns in Wales, but frustrated by guerilla tactics - inconclusive and inconsequential campaign.
10
Q
1096
A
- Robert mortgages Normandy to Rufus for £6,666. (Normandy and England reunited - no more rebellions after this). Paid for with harsh taxation, exacted by Flambard.
- Jarento of Dijon (with Hugh of Flavigny) visits, and aims to hold a council on clerical fornication, simony and ecclesiastical vacancies. Rufus pays pope to postpone them for £6.6.
- Puts Ranulf Flambard, Robert Bloet, Robert of FitzHaimo and Urse d’Abetot as regents
- Gerard (former chancellor) made bishop of Hereford
11
Q
1097
A
- Rufus invades wales up to Penbroke, but it is once more inconsequential. Repeats the march his father did in 1081. Gruffudd remains in power.
- Rufus orders Edgar Atheling to depose Donald Ban and replace him with Edgar, Malcolm’s eldest surviving son (in 1099, Edgar processes with Rufus’ sword in the Royal Court - showing his influence)
- Anslem goes into self-imposed exile due to being attacked about the allegedly poor quality of troops provided (not forced out, as Eadmer writes) - evidenced by a letter to Urban. Rufus takes over Canterbury’s lands, and leaves the monks only enough to eat.
- Westminster Hall started.
- Rufus campaigns in the Vexin:
- Constructs Gisors
- Does NOT take over the Vexin
- Makes alliances with locals e.g. Walter Tirel III, lord of Poix
12
Q
1098
A
- Rufus campaigns in Maine
- Supported by Robert of Bellême, and he and Walter Tirel capture Helias of Maine and other Angeivn commanders - Maine and Anjou knocked out of war.
- William IX of Aquitaine (holds 25% of modern France) allegedly comes up with a plan with Rufus:
- Alliance with Rufus and Aquitaine
- Marital connections with Aquitaine, against the shared enemy of Anjou
- Mortgage part of his estates to William Rufus
- BUT we don’t know how serious the plan was as it never happened.
- Hugh of Montgomery killed by Magnus ‘Barelegs’ in Anglesey, and Robert of Bellême takes his lands.
13
Q
1099
A
- Campaigns in Maine - puts down a revolt and burns all the land around Le Mans until the city surrendered. By 1099, RUFUS NOW CONTROLS ALL THE TERRITORY OWNED BY WILLIAM I
- Westminster Hall completed.
- Anselm visits a council in Rome, and becomes convinced of Papal Reform.
14
Q
1100
A
- Rufus killed while hunting, 3 days later Henry is crowned by Maurice, bishop of London.
- Anselm returns after Henry sends a submissive letter
