H1 IP

Question 1

Roger lo Poer (4)

Answer 1

• Henry’s regent.
• Man ‘raised from the dust’
• More acceptable than Ranulf since they’ve already now had a regent raised from the dust before.
• Became Bishop of Salisbury in 1107, and properly took power in 1110. He was previously a chancellor.

Question 2

Money - Henry worried about finances

Answer 2

• Diplomacy: treaty with count of Flanders - £500 per annum for 100 knights.
• Patronage: Coronation Charter: gives up vacancies, feudal dues, renounces debts etc.
• War: fights Robert Curthose and later has to fight Louis VI and William Clito.
• Also silver value has been diminishing: more silver leaving the kingdom as Normandy connected to England, and there are fewer Anglo-Saxon workers.

Question 3

Money - exchequer

Answer 3

• First mention in 1110 (year Henry re-negotiated treaty with Count of Flanders)
• Limits the power of the sheriff - they owe farms and money they had collected for the king (e.g. fines)
• Meets in Winchester twice a year.
• Meant to be intimidating and fair
• Ideas forming the exchequer may have been taken from a school in Laon (ideas of the abacus etc.) and formed by Roger of Salisbury as well as Nigel of Ely.

Question 4

Money - taxes

Answer 4

Very heavy - e.g. Chronicle of 1118.

Question 5

Succession - why was it weak?

Answer 5

• Had not been designated king by Rufus
• Was crowned by the Bishop of London

Question 6

Succession - coronation charter

Answer 6

• No vacancies or simony
• Laws of King Edward
• Only thing he made no concessions for was Forest Law!
• Lost Henry 1/3 of Rufus’ income

Question 7

‘Lion of Justice’

Answer 7

• Nickname is double-edged since it also refers to Geoffrey of Monmouth’s Arthurian history, and how the lion shook the towers in Gaul (Henry fought in France) and how it squeezed gold from the lily and silver from the cattle (heavy taxation)
• His reputation was able to be fixed by his long reign (unlike Rufus) and he was good compared to Stephen.
• Law codes written in his reign e.g. Quadripartitus, Leges Henrici Primi - not written by government but random people.

Question 8

Governmental reforms

Answer 8

• Exchequer formed
• Local and itinerant justices
• Law Codes
• Coronation Charter
• Change in royal court locations (hunting lodges, not old centres of government) and not at regular times
• Constitutio Domus Regis (Stephen’s reign)

Question 9

Relationship with the church

Answer 9

• Henry founded a new abbey at Reading
• Anselm supports Henry I - threatens Robert Curthose with excommunication and legitimises his marriage with Matilda
• Anselm exiled in 1103 for refusing homage and lay investiture
• Henry threatened with excommunication by Paschal II in 1105. Robert de Beaumont excommunicated along with invested bishops.
• Settlement reached in 1106 and pronounced in Westminster in 1107
  
  • Henry gives up the right to invest bishops but can still receive homage before consecration.
  • Did well - still has churchmen having feudal obligations and all bishops until 1125 were royal clerks (e.g. Thurstan, 1114/1119 and Roger Le Poer, 1107)
• Canterbury vacant for five years.
• Regulated visits of papal legates but still couldn’t resist papal reform:
  
  • John of Crema held a council in 1125.
  • Thurstan asked permission from the pope to divisde dioceses in 1133.
  • Hugh of Reading, 1128.
• Primacy Contest - Thurstan.