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PCE - Multisystem conditions > Wounds, Ulcers, and skin conditions > Flashcards

Wounds, Ulcers, and skin conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Woundsmodifiable risk factors

A
  • autonomic dysreflexia
  • Incontinence
  • smoking
  • obesity
  • poor nutrition
  • comorbidities (renal, cv, pulmonary, diabetes)
  • depression
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2
Q

Wounds non-modifiable risk factors

A
  • Decreased sensation
  • activity, and mobility
  • muscle atrophy
  • completeness of injury
  • Age
  • history of previous wounds
  • Increased tissue temp, moisture
  • spasticity
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3
Q

What areas are at risk of a wound when in lying

A
  • occiput
  • elbows
  • sacrum and coccyx
  • heel
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4
Q

What areas are at risk of a wound when in side lying

A
  • shoulder
  • greater trochanter
  • anterior knee
  • malleolus
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5
Q

What areas are at risk of a wound when in sitting

A
  • shoulder blade
  • sacrum and coccyx
  • ischial tubs
  • posterior knee
  • foot
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6
Q

What causes an ulcer

A
  • Pressure (round sore)
  • shearing (abrasion/scrape)
  • friction (blisters can be a sign, spasticity are common causes)
  • Deep tissue damage from banging or bumping (purple or bruising)
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7
Q

What are the 4 stages of wounds

A

Stage 1: reddened (non-blanchable)
Stage 2: skin is broken, small crater
Stage 3: deep crater, might be infected, may be black, dead tissue
Stage 4: deep through muscle to the bone or joint

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8
Q

What are 7 components used in describing wounds

A

location, size, wound base, wound edges, surrounding skin, stage, photos

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9
Q

Client education for wound prevention

A
  • look at skin 2X/day, check all bony prominences, use a mirror and attendants
  • look for change in temp, colour, temperature, texture, persistent erythema, discolouration
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10
Q

Tool for assessing risk of wound

A

Braden Scale

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11
Q

Wound Rx

A
  • multidisciplinary team, dressings, mobility restrictions

- PT: HVPC level 1 evidence for wound healing

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12
Q

What is Psoriasis? What causes it?

A
  • autoimmune disease that affects the skin
  • faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells: profound cutaneous inflammation and epidermal hyperproliferation
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13
Q

What are the 5 cardinal signs of psoriasis

A
  • plaque (raised lesion)
  • well circumscribed margins
  • bright salmon red colour
  • silvery micaceous scale
  • symmetrical distribution
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14
Q

Common sites for psoriasis

A
  • Extensor surfaces over bony prominences (elbows, knees)
  • scalp
  • retroauricular, ears
  • palms and soles
  • umbilicus
  • penis
  • lumbar
  • shins
  • nails plaques
    …but can affect any area
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15
Q

Does psoriasis normally affect the inside or outer side of the joint

A

outer side - unlike eczema

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16
Q

Complications associated with psoriasis

A
  • physical (pruitis, bleeding of lesions)
  • emotional and psychological (isolation, loss of self-esteem)
  • economic (cost of meds, time away from work)
  • severe psoriasis is associated with risk of cardiovascular disease and death, psoriatic arthritis
17
Q

Psoriasis Rx

A
  • Topical creams containing glucocorticoids
  • Tars
  • vitamin D or A
  • phototherapy with UV light
  • systemic therapy with immunosuppressive drugs
18
Q

What is eczema? What is it’s apperance?

A
  • form of dermatitis or inflammation of the epidermis (skin outer layer)
  • itchy, red, scaly disorder
19
Q

2 types of eczema

A

Atopic dermatitis

Contact dermatitis

20
Q

Atopic dermatitis is also referred to as _____

A

Endogenous eczema

21
Q

What is atopic dermatitis? What is the underlying cause?

A

intensely itchy inflammatory skin disorder associated with “atopy”

  • predisposition toward developing certain allergic hypersensitivity reactions
  • asthma, hay fever, and allergic conjunctivitis
22
Q

Presentation of atopic dermatitis

A
  • itchiness is the most outstanding feature (pruitis)
  • lichenification (thickening skin lines)
  • excoriations (scratching or picking at skin)
  • crusting
23
Q

3 phases of atopic dermatitis and their corresponding distributions

A
  • Infantile (2mo-2years)-facial and extensor distribution
  • Childhood-dry skin, flexural distribution (popliteal and cuboid fossa)
  • Adult-atopic dermatitis generally improves with age, less flexural distribution, primarily affect the hands
24
Q

Atopic dermatitis Rx

A
  • avoid irritating factors

- Use moisturizers, topical glucocorticoids, oral antihistamines, UV therapy for resistant or severe cases

25
Q

What is another term for contact dermatitis

A

Exogenous eczema

26
Q

What are two types of contact dermatitis

A

Allergic

Irritant

27
Q

What is Allergic contact dermatitis

A

immune hypersensitivity to an allergen in contact with the skin (e.g. nickel, poison ivy)

28
Q

What is irritant contact dermatitis

A

contact of skin with something that primarily causes direct local irritation (harsh detergents, chemicals)

29
Q

Rx for contact dermatitis

A

usually topical steroids, clears up in 7-10 days

30
Q

What is seborrheic dermatitis

A

Dandruff - ill-defined areas of erythema with greasy-appearing scale

31
Q

Where does seborrheic dermatitis occur and what is the cause

A
  • occurs in areas of higher sebaceous gland activity (oily areas)- scalp, face, central chest and back
  • probably due to an excessive immune response to a yeast
32
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis associated disorders

A

seen frequently in PD, neurologic disorders (stroke, TBI, SCI), HIV pts that decreased mobility

33
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis Rx

A

antifungals

PCE - Multisystem conditions (12 decks)

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