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PCE - Multisystem conditions > HEP and Autoimmune disorders > Flashcards

HEP and Autoimmune disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Hepatitis is ___ disease

A

liver

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2
Q

What are the liver’s main functions

A

Producing Albumin and Clotting factors

Ammonia metabolism breaks down protein by-product - urea - excretion by kidney

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3
Q

S&S of hepatitis

A
  • yellow
  • itching (pruitis)
  • big belly(ascites)
  • bleeding
  • esophageal varices
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4
Q

How is hep A transmitted

A

transmitted by fecal oral route, usually self-limiting bout

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5
Q

Risk factors to Hep A

A

international travel

daycare

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6
Q

Hep A S&S

A
  • jaundice
  • fatigue
  • weakness
  • anorexia
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • abdominal pain
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7
Q

Can you be asymptomatic with Hep A

A

Children normally are asymptomatic

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8
Q

What is Hep B?

Longstanding Hep B can lead to ____ and _____

A

Infection of liver

Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

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9
Q

What is a high risk way Hep B can spread? a Low risk?

A

Mother to child = high risk

Sexual transmission or injection drug use = low risk

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10
Q

Hep B Rx

A

Antiviral agents, vaccine, NO CURE

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11
Q

How is Hep C transmitted

A
  • percutaneously (needle stick, drug use)
  • non percutaneous (sexual)
  • hemodialysis
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12
Q

Is Hep B or Hep C more likely to become chronic ? Which is more likely for chronic complications to occur

A

Hep C

Hep B

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13
Q

Hep C Rx

A

prednisone and other immunosuppressant’s

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14
Q

What is Grave’s Disease ?

Are T3 and T4 low or high?

Is TSH low or high?

A

Hyperthyroidism - autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid (TSH receptor), T3 and T4 (these inhibit the secretion of TSH) will be high

TSH = low

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15
Q

Grave’s Disease S&S

A
  • fever
  • weight loss
  • exercise intolerance
  • goiter
  • bulging eyes (exophthalmos)
  • tachycardia
  • decreased fertility
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16
Q

Grave’s Disease Rx

A
  • beta blockers for HR
  • anti-thyroid drug therapy
  • radioactive Iodine
  • surgical removal of thyroid
17
Q

What is Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Are T3 and T4 low or high?

Is TSH low or high?

A

Hypothyroidism

autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland, T3 and T4 are low, TSH is high

18
Q

Hashimoto thyroiditis S&S

A
  • weight gain
  • cold intolerance
  • round puffy face
  • bradycardia
  • constipation
  • depression
19
Q

Hashimoto Thyroiditis Rx

A

Thyroid hormone replacement

20
Q

What is Addison’s Disease?

Is it fatal?

A

autoimmune process against the adrenal cortex, fatal if not treated, great prognosis if treated

21
Q

Addison’s S&S

A
  • weakness
  • fatigue
  • anorexia
  • hyponatremia
  • hypoglycemia
  • hyperpigmentation
22
Q

Addison’s Rx

A

replace missing adrenal hormone with aldosterone and cortisol

23
Q

What is Cushing’s Disease?

A 
chronic glucocorticoid (cortisol) excess 
• can also get from cancer of adrenal gland
24
Q

Cushing’s disease S&S

A
  • moon face
  • central obesity
  • abdominal striations
25
Q

Cushing’s disease Rx

A

surgical if caused by tumor (tumor in pituitary or adrenal gland)

26
Q

2 types of inflammatory bowel disease

A

Crohns

Ulcerative colitis

27
Q

What is crohns? What can it have that ulcerative colitis does not have? What is the result of crohns?

A

Inflammatory bowel disease of entire GI tract from mouth to anus, small and large intestine

Can have skipped lesions (normal segments of GI tract)

Results in ulcers, fissures, and fistulas - get alteration in digestion and absorption leading to malnutrition

28
Q

Crohns Rx

A
  • anti-inflammatory drugs for bowel not systemically, prednisone (immunosuppressant)
  • anti-biotics, biologic therapies
29
Q

What is ulcerative colitis?

With ulcerative colitis you can have significant _____ and _____

A

Inflammatory bowel disease same as crohns but with no skipped lesions and only affects colon.

bleeding and anemia

30
Q

Main concerns with transplants (3)

A
  • Donor factors (disease)
  • Coagulation products at time of transplant (will they bleed out)
  • Function, immunosuppression, rejection, infection

PCE - Multisystem conditions (12 decks)

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