HEP and Autoimmune disorders Flashcards
Hepatitis is ___ disease
liver
What are the liver’s main functions
Producing Albumin and Clotting factors
Ammonia metabolism breaks down protein by-product - urea - excretion by kidney
S&S of hepatitis
- yellow
- itching (pruitis)
- big belly(ascites)
- bleeding
- esophageal varices
How is hep A transmitted
transmitted by fecal oral route, usually self-limiting bout
Risk factors to Hep A
international travel
daycare
Hep A S&S
- jaundice
- fatigue
- weakness
- anorexia
- nausea
- vomiting
- abdominal pain
Can you be asymptomatic with Hep A
Children normally are asymptomatic
What is Hep B?
Longstanding Hep B can lead to ____ and _____
Infection of liver
Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma
What is a high risk way Hep B can spread? a Low risk?
Mother to child = high risk
Sexual transmission or injection drug use = low risk
Hep B Rx
Antiviral agents, vaccine, NO CURE
How is Hep C transmitted
- percutaneously (needle stick, drug use)
- non percutaneous (sexual)
- hemodialysis
Is Hep B or Hep C more likely to become chronic ? Which is more likely for chronic complications to occur
Hep C
Hep B
Hep C Rx
prednisone and other immunosuppressant’s
What is Grave’s Disease ?
Are T3 and T4 low or high?
Is TSH low or high?
Hyperthyroidism - autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid (TSH receptor), T3 and T4 (these inhibit the secretion of TSH) will be high
TSH = low
Grave’s Disease S&S
- fever
- weight loss
- exercise intolerance
- goiter
- bulging eyes (exophthalmos)
- tachycardia
- decreased fertility
Grave’s Disease Rx
- beta blockers for HR
- anti-thyroid drug therapy
- radioactive Iodine
- surgical removal of thyroid
What is Hashimoto Thyroiditis
Are T3 and T4 low or high?
Is TSH low or high?
Hypothyroidism
autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland, T3 and T4 are low, TSH is high
Hashimoto thyroiditis S&S
- weight gain
- cold intolerance
- round puffy face
- bradycardia
- constipation
- depression
Hashimoto Thyroiditis Rx
Thyroid hormone replacement
What is Addison’s Disease?
Is it fatal?
autoimmune process against the adrenal cortex, fatal if not treated, great prognosis if treated
Addison’s S&S
- weakness
- fatigue
- anorexia
- hyponatremia
- hypoglycemia
- hyperpigmentation
Addison’s Rx
replace missing adrenal hormone with aldosterone and cortisol
What is Cushing’s Disease?
chronic glucocorticoid (cortisol) excess • can also get from cancer of adrenal gland
Cushing’s disease S&S
- moon face
- central obesity
- abdominal striations
Cushing’s disease Rx
surgical if caused by tumor (tumor in pituitary or adrenal gland)
2 types of inflammatory bowel disease
Crohns
Ulcerative colitis
What is crohns? What can it have that ulcerative colitis does not have? What is the result of crohns?
Inflammatory bowel disease of entire GI tract from mouth to anus, small and large intestine
Can have skipped lesions (normal segments of GI tract)
Results in ulcers, fissures, and fistulas - get alteration in digestion and absorption leading to malnutrition
Crohns Rx
- anti-inflammatory drugs for bowel not systemically, prednisone (immunosuppressant)
- anti-biotics, biologic therapies
What is ulcerative colitis?
With ulcerative colitis you can have significant _____ and _____
Inflammatory bowel disease same as crohns but with no skipped lesions and only affects colon.
bleeding and anemia
Main concerns with transplants (3)
- Donor factors (disease)
- Coagulation products at time of transplant (will they bleed out)
- Function, immunosuppression, rejection, infection
