HEP and Autoimmune disorders

Question 1

Hepatitis is ___ disease

Answer 1

liver

Question 2

What are the liver’s main functions

Answer 2

Producing Albumin and Clotting factors

Ammonia metabolism breaks down protein by-product - urea - excretion by kidney

Question 3

S&S of hepatitis

Answer 3

• yellow
• itching (pruitis)
• big belly(ascites)
• bleeding
• esophageal varices

Question 4

How is hep A transmitted

Answer 4

transmitted by fecal oral route, usually self-limiting bout

Question 5

Risk factors to Hep A

Answer 5

international travel

daycare

Question 6

Hep A S&S

Answer 6

• jaundice
• fatigue
• weakness
• anorexia
• nausea
• vomiting
• abdominal pain

Question 7

Can you be asymptomatic with Hep A

Answer 7

Children normally are asymptomatic

Question 8

What is Hep B?

Longstanding Hep B can lead to ____ and _____

Answer 8

Infection of liver

Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 9

What is a high risk way Hep B can spread? a Low risk?

Answer 9

Mother to child = high risk

Sexual transmission or injection drug use = low risk

Question 10

Hep B Rx

Answer 10

Antiviral agents, vaccine, NO CURE

Question 11

How is Hep C transmitted

Answer 11

• percutaneously (needle stick, drug use)
• non percutaneous (sexual)
• hemodialysis

Question 12

Is Hep B or Hep C more likely to become chronic ? Which is more likely for chronic complications to occur

Answer 12

Hep C

Hep B

Question 13

Hep C Rx

Answer 13

prednisone and other immunosuppressant’s

Question 14

What is Grave’s Disease ?

Are T3 and T4 low or high?

Is TSH low or high?

Answer 14

Hyperthyroidism - autoantibodies stimulate the thyroid (TSH receptor), T3 and T4 (these inhibit the secretion of TSH) will be high

TSH = low

Question 15

Grave’s Disease S&S

Answer 15

• fever
• weight loss
• exercise intolerance
• goiter
• bulging eyes (exophthalmos)
• tachycardia
• decreased fertility

Question 16

Grave’s Disease Rx

Answer 16

• beta blockers for HR
• anti-thyroid drug therapy
• radioactive Iodine
• surgical removal of thyroid

Question 17

What is Hashimoto Thyroiditis

Are T3 and T4 low or high?

Is TSH low or high?

Answer 17

Hypothyroidism

autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland, T3 and T4 are low, TSH is high

Question 18

Hashimoto thyroiditis S&S

Answer 18

• weight gain
• cold intolerance
• round puffy face
• bradycardia
• constipation
• depression

Question 19

Hashimoto Thyroiditis Rx

Answer 19

Thyroid hormone replacement

Question 20

What is Addison’s Disease?

Is it fatal?

Answer 20

autoimmune process against the adrenal cortex, fatal if not treated, great prognosis if treated

Question 21

Addison’s S&S

Answer 21

• weakness
• fatigue
• anorexia
• hyponatremia
• hypoglycemia
• hyperpigmentation

Question 22

Addison’s Rx

Answer 22

replace missing adrenal hormone with aldosterone and cortisol

Question 23

What is Cushing’s Disease?

Answer 23

chronic glucocorticoid (cortisol) excess 
• can also get from cancer of adrenal gland

Question 24

Cushing’s disease S&S

Answer 24

• moon face
• central obesity
• abdominal striations

Question 25

Cushing's disease Rx

Answer 25

surgical if caused by tumor (tumor in pituitary or adrenal gland)

Question 26

2 types of inflammatory bowel disease

Answer 26

Crohns | Ulcerative colitis

Question 27

What is crohns? What can it have that ulcerative colitis does not have? What is the result of crohns?

Answer 27

Inflammatory bowel disease of entire GI tract from mouth to anus, small and large intestine Can have skipped lesions (normal segments of GI tract) Results in ulcers, fissures, and fistulas - get alteration in digestion and absorption leading to malnutrition

Question 28

Crohns Rx

Answer 28

- anti-inflammatory drugs for bowel not systemically, prednisone (immunosuppressant) - anti-biotics, biologic therapies

Question 29

What is ulcerative colitis? With ulcerative colitis you can have significant _____ and _____

Answer 29

Inflammatory bowel disease same as crohns but with no skipped lesions and only affects colon. bleeding and anemia

Question 30

Main concerns with transplants (3)

Answer 30

- Donor factors (disease) - Coagulation products at time of transplant (will they bleed out) - Function, immunosuppression, rejection, infection