Tumours Flashcards
Name for an epithelial tumour
Carcinoma
Name for a Mesenchymal tumour
Sarcoma
Name for a Glial tumour
Glioma
Name for a lymphoid tumour
Lymphoma
Name for a Hematopoietic tumour
Leukemia
Name for a Melanocytic tumour
Melanoma
TNM staging
Tumour - extent/spread
Nodes
Mes - Distant/local
Clinical presentation of a cancer survivor
Fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, bone health, peripheral neuropathy, deconditioned
Types of lung cancer
Small cell Non-small cell - Squamous cell - Adenocarcinoma - Large cell
Where does 20-25% o small cell lung cancers develop
Bronchial cel mucosa
Small cell lung cancers spread ____ and met ____
rapid
early
Where do squamous cell lung cancers arise
Central portion near hilum
Squamous cell lung cancers spread ___ and met ____
slow
late
Adenocarcinoma lung cancers spread ____ and met ____
slow to mod
early
Where do adenocarcinomas lung cancers met to
lungs, brain, and others organs
Large cell lung cancers spread ___ to which organs?
rapidly
Kidney
Liver
Adrenal and other organs
Do large cell lung cancers have a good or poor prognosis
poor prognosis
6 types of brain tumours
- Intracerebral primary
- Intracerebral metastatic
- Intra spina
- Low grade astrocytoma
- Medulloblastoma
- Neuromas
Where do intra cerebral metastatic brain tumour come from? how does the brain compensate for them
Come from lung, breast, prostrate,
compensate by dec brain tissue, CSF and blood flow volume
Intraspinal tumour
S&S
Rx
- Nerve root pain
- worst @ night
- cough
- radicular pain
Rx surgery or radiation
Which brain tumour has a good survival rate?
Low grade astrocytoma
** if treated early
Which type of brain tumour frequently mets to other areas of brain and spine
Medulloblastoma
Neurom S&S
- CN 8 (vestibular)
- head ache
- seizure
- nausea, vomit
- cognition and behaviour
4 types of connective tissue tumour
- Osteosarcoma
- Synovial sarcoma
- Osteoid osteoma
- prostate
Where do Osteosarcoma develop? what are their symptoms
End of long bones
produce pain
What does an osteosarcoma look like on an x-ray? are they primarily primary or secondary tumours?
X-ray moth eaten appearance
usually secondary, primary is rare (can occur in youth)
Osteosarcoma Rx
Surgery
Where do synovial sarcomas develop?
S&S ?
Usually in larger joints
Swelling and instability
Synovial sarcoma Rx
surgery +/-chemo/rad
Where may synovial sarcomas met to?
may met to bone, may come from breast, lung, prostate, thyroid
Are osteoid osteoma’s benign or malignant?
Benign
Osteoid osteoma S&S
exercise related bone pain and tenderness, abolition of symptoms with aspirin,
Osteoid osteoma Rx
ablation, ethanol, laser
Prostate tumour Rx
- Surgery
- external beam radiation
- brachytherapy
- androgen deprivation therapy
3 types of skin tumours
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- malignant melanoma
Which skin tumour is the most common?
Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma - high or low risk of spreading? appearance?
Low
Translucent and red in colour
Squamous cell carcinoma - high or low risk of spreading? Appearance?
High risk
Solid skin tumor - often volcano shaped
Malignant melanoma - high or low risk of spreading?
HIgh - most dangerous
ABCD rule for skin cancer
Asymmetry
Border
Colour
Diameter
