Episodic diseases - HIV/AIDS, autoimmune dis, hemophilia Flashcards
What does AIDS stand for
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Cause of AIDS?
HIV 1 or 2
- Transmission through contact with infected body fluids: blood, saliva, semen CSF, breast milk, vaginal/cervical secretions, mucous membranes, mother to child during pregnancy
- Not transmitted through à urine, sweat, vomit
Result of AIDS
Loss of immune system function, decreased CD4+ helper T cells
AIDS Dx
- Clinical findings
- Systemic evidence
- Lab evidence à HIV-1 antibody test, CD4 cell count 200-500/ml (normal = 800-1200/ml)
People with aids have an increased susceptibility to develop what condition s
Pneumonia, TB, Malignancy, Encephalitis, Meningitis, Dementia, Herpes zoster
AIDS Medical Rx
No cure: Want to keep viral load as low as possible
MED RX
1) Multidrug antiviral therapy
a. different drugs w/ different location of actionà adherence is difficult
2) Symptomatic treatment
a. maintain nutrition, maintain functional mobility, education
AIDS PT RX
**Check precautions Exercises: - mod aerobic, strength - avoid exhaustive exercise - ACUTE - focus on mild exercise levels, activity pacing, energy conservation, stress management
What is lupus erythematosus
autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the body
lupus erythematosus S&S
- Skin - may find butterfly rash
- localized erythema
- localized edema
- alopecia (loss of hair)
- photosensitivity
- mucosal ulcers
- Raynaud’s (fingers are cold sensitive)
- Joint effusion
lupus erythematosus Dx
Positive serum “antinuclear antibodies” (ANA) symmetric arthritis
What is sclerodema
Systemic sclerosis - chronic disease primarily affecting skin, characterized by sclerosis (hardening of skin)
- Provokes massive fibrotic tissue response
Sclerodema can cause…
- joint contractures
- pulmonary fibrosis
- HTN
- renal
- GI dysmotility (especially esophagus)
- Raynaud’s
What is Dermatomyositis
inflammatory CT disorder affecting both muscle and skin characterized by proximal limb girdle weakness
What is polymyotis
inflammatory CT disorder affecting just muscle characterized by proximal limb girdle weakness
Dermatomyositis is associated with…
photosensitive skin rash, purplish erythematous eruption over face, UE’s
What is Haemophilia
Hereditary bleeding disorder - body unable to control blood clotting/coagulation
Haemophilia causes
- vascular abnormalities
- platelet abnormalities
- coagulation cascade abnormalities
What type of genetic disorder is Haemophilia
X-linked recessive - males have condition females carry gene
In haemophilia (a x-linked recessive disorder) If mother is carrier and father doesnt have it what is the outcome of the offspring male and female
- Male child has 50% chance of having disorder
- Female child has 50% chance of carrying gene
In haemophilia (a x-linked recessive disorder) If mother isn’t carrier and father has it what is the outcome of the offspring male and female
- Male child: not affected by hemophilia, can’t carry gene
- Female child: will be carrier - known as obligate carrier
Haemophilia presentation
- profuse post circumcision bleeding
- joint and soft tissue bleeding
- excessive bleeding
- operative & post-traumatic hemorrhage
Haemophilia S&S
- Bleeding in the joints is the most common problem.
- large bruises
- bleeding into muscles and joints (esp. knees, elbows, and ankles)
- prolonged bleeding after a cut, tooth removal, surgery, or an accident
- serious trauma causes serious internal bleeding into vital organs
Joint bleed symptoms
• JT tightness + no pain -> tightness + pain, no bleeding -> swollen + hot to touch, hard to move -> all ROM lost + severe pain -> bleeding slows in few days (joint full of blood)
What is the result if haemophilia goes untreated
- Arthritis: disabling
Haemophilia Rx
- recombinant factor VIII infusion (in the 80s, got blood products - died of AIDS, Hep C)
- desmopressin: mild hemophilia
