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First Aid > Wounds & bleeding > Flashcards

Wounds & bleeding Flashcards

1
Q

contusion (bruise)

- treatment

A

cool area with icepack / cold running water ASAP

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2
Q

abrasion (graze)

- treatment

A
  • dirt that is not embedded should be removed with clean water + sterile swabs
  • clean from centre of wound outwards (to avoid introducing new dirt to wound)
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3
Q

laceration (rip/tear to skin)

- treatment

A
  • treat for bleeding

- prevent infection

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4
Q

incision (clean cut, e.g. with knife)

- treatment

A
  • treat for bleeding

- prevent infection

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5
Q

puncture (stabbing wound)

- treatment

A
  • call emergency services if wound near internal organs

- NEVER remove embedded object (may be stemming bleeding)

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6
Q

gun shot

- treatment

A
  • call emergency services if wound near internal organs

- pack wound with dressing to prevent bleeding (entry + exit wound)

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7
Q

de-gloving (severing of skin from body)

- treatment

A
  • replace skin flap if possible

- arrange urgent transportation to hospital

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8
Q

3 types of bleeding (+ identifying signs)

A
  • arterial, spurting
  • venous, oozing
  • capillary, trickling (fast at first, usually slight + easily controlled)
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9
Q

what is the critical amount of blood loss?

A

one third of blood volume (most adults have 8-12 pints)

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10
Q

signs of 30% blood loss

x5 signs

A
  • lowered consciousness
  • restless + anxious
  • cyanosis
  • rapid pulse, hard to detect
  • rapid breathing
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11
Q

hygiene when treating bleeding

5 things to remember

A
  • cover own cuts with waterproof dressing
  • wear disposable gloves / apron
  • use specialised cleaning agents for body fluid spillages
  • dispose of soiled dressing in clinical waste bag
  • wash hands thoroughly before + after
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12
Q

EXTERNAL BLEEDING
- treatment

(4 things, acronym)

A

SEEP

Sit or lay
Examine (be able to describe bandaged wounds to medics later)
Elevate (above heart level)
Pressure (either direct or indirect)

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13
Q

how long should you apply direct pressure?

A

10 mins (should work for most minor wounds)

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14
Q

how do you apply direct pressure if object is embedded?

A

apply pressure either side

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15
Q

2 types of indirect pressure (+ tips for applying)

A

femoral

  • femoral artery located where thighbone crosses ‘bikini line’
  • can apply pressure using heel of foot
  • careful to explain your actions

brachial

  • brachial artery on inside of upper arm
  • get casualty to ball fist, place under armpit, squeeze arm down on fist
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16
Q

how long (max.) should you apply indirect pressure?

A

10 mins

17
Q

how can you check a dressing isn’t so tight as to cut off circulation?

A

‘capillary refill’ test - squeeze finger or toe and watch colour return within 2 second

18
Q

what can you do if initial dressing isn’t stemming flow of blood?

(4 things)

A
  • extra ‘hand’ pressure
  • elevation
  • if dressing saturated with blood, leave on and put new dressing on top
  • if second dressing still isn’t working, remove and start again ensuring it is tight enough
19
Q

when should you NOT remove a splinter?

3 examples

A
  • if embedded deeply
  • if difficult to remove
  • if on a joint
20
Q

removing a splinter

5 things

A
  • carefully clean the area with warm, soapy water
  • using clean tweezers, remove splinter at the same angle it entered
  • squeeze around wound to encourage a little bleeding
  • wash again, then dry and cover with dressing
  • seek medical advice about patient’s tetanus immunisation being up to date
21
Q

what should you do if a casualty has something stuck in their nose, ear or another orifice?

A
  • DO NOT remove it

- go to hospital

22
Q

NOSEBLEED
- initial treatment

(4 things)

A
  • sit casualty down with head tipped forward
  • nip soft part of the nose, maintain constant pressure for 10 mins
  • breathe through mouth
  • give casualty a disposable cloth to mop up excess blood
23
Q

NOSEBLEED

- 3 things to avoid for few hours

A
  • breathing through nose
  • blowing or picking nose
  • hot drinks
24
Q

when do you send a nosebleed casualty to the hospital?

2 things

A
  • if it persists for 30 mins or more

- if they are on anti-coagulants (e.g. warfarin)

25
Q

what if someone suffers frequent nosebleeds?

A

advise them to see a doctor

26
Q

EYE INJURY

- small particles or dirt

A
  • wash out of eye with cold tap water

- DON’T wash into good eye

27
Q

EYE INJURY
- treating more serious injury

(3 things)

A
  • keep casualty still and place dressing over damaged eye (bandage if necessary)
  • tell casualty to close good eye (if it moves, so will the other). bandage if necessary
  • take patient to hospital or call ambulance
28
Q

AMPUTATION

- 3 priorities

A
  • stop the bleeding
  • preserve the body part
  • reassure the patient
29
Q

what type of dressing should you use on an amputation?

A

low-adherent, non-fluffy dressing

30
Q

how should you store the amputated body part?

2 things + 1 warning

A
  • wrap in plastic bag
  • put on ice
  • DO NOT allow part to touch ice or get wet
31
Q

INTERNAL BLEEDING

- 4 signs + symptoms

A
  • signs of SHOCK
  • pain at site of bleeding
  • bruising and/or swelling
  • other signs specific to part of body (e.g. difficulty breathing if bleeding near lungs)
32
Q

INTERNAL BLEEDING
- treatment

(2 things)

A
  • call emergency services

- treat for shock as necessary

33
Q

what is CRUSH SYNDROME? when does it occur and why?

A
  • when crush injury blocks bloodflow and toxins build up
  • dangerous after 15 mins of blockage
  • toxin levels can be so high as to cause kidney failure if released
34
Q

CRUSH INJURY
- treatment less than 15 mins

(5 things)

A
  • release casualty as quickly as possible
  • call emergency services
  • control bleeding / cover open wounds
  • treat for shock as necessary
  • monitor airway + breathing until help arrives
35
Q

CRUSH INJURY
- treatment after 15 mins

(3 things)

A
  • DO NOT release casualty
  • call emergency services
  • monitor airway + breathing

First Aid (10 decks)

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