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First Aid > Unconsciousness > Flashcards

Unconsciousness Flashcards

1
Q

5 steps of a primary survey

A

DR ABC

  • Danger
  • Response (Tap shoulders. “Are you alright?”)
  • Airway (tilt head + lift chin)
  • Breathing (no breathing? 999 + ask for defibrilator + CPR)
  • Circulation (severe bleeding, heart attack)
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2
Q

CPR chest compressions

[5 things to remember]

A
  • 30 chest compressions, 2 rescue breaths, repeat
  • Use heel of hand, bottom of breastbone
  • To the beat of “Stayin’ Alive”
  • Only stop to recheck casualty IF regaining consciousness AND start breathing normally
  • Change rescuer every 1-2 mins (if poss.)
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3
Q

3 ways to check breathing

A

LOOK for chest movements
LISTEN at the mouth for breathing sounds
FEEL for air on your cheek

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4
Q

agonal gasps

A
  • when casualty is barely breathing or taking short infrequent gasps
  • do NOT confuse with normal breathing
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5
Q

CPR rescue breaths

[6 things to remember]

A
  • head tilt with hand on chin
  • nip soft part of casualty’s nose
  • blow steadily into mouth for one second
  • watch for chest rising
  • only stop to recheck casualty IF regaining consciousness AND start breathing normally
  • change rescuer every 1-2 mins (if poss.)
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6
Q

CPR changeover of rescuer

[2 things to remember]

A
  • every 1-2 minutes

- DO NOT interrupt chest compressions

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7
Q

safest way to remove casualty from a bed (CPR is better on hard, flat surface)

A

use sheets to slide casualty off bed (ideally with 2 people)

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8
Q

adapting resuscitation for babies / child over one year

[4 things to remember]

A
  • begin with 5 rescue breaths
  • compress chest to one third of its depth
  • use two fingers for babies
  • use one or two hands (as needed) for children
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9
Q

How do you know a collapsed casualty has vomited? What do you do?

[3 things to remember]

A
  • after rescue breath, air comes back out with gurgling sound
  • turn casualty onto their side, tilt head back, allow vomit to flow out
  • use protective barrier for future rescue breaths (if poss.)
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10
Q

hygiene during rescue breaths

[5 things to remember]

A
  • wipe the lips clean
  • use protective barrier (esp. if you suspect infectious diseases)
  • makeshift barriers include: plastic with hole in, handkerchief
  • if in doubt, use chest compression only
  • wear gloves + wash hands after
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11
Q

10 causes of unconsciousness

[acronym]

A

FISH SHAPED

Fainting
Imbalance of heat
Shock
Head injury

Stroke
Heart attack
Asphyxia
Poisoning
Epilepsy
Diabetes
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12
Q

scale of consciousness

[4 stages, acronym]

A

Alert
Voice
Pain
Unresponsive

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13
Q

Secondary Survey

- 3 initial steps / considerations

A

History: what happened? medical history?

Signs: look for e.g. swelling, deformity, pale skin - use all your senses

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14
Q

Secondary Survey
- head to toe examination

[5 checks]

A
  • head and neck
  • shoulders and chest
  • abdomen and pelvis
  • legs and arms
  • pockets and clues
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15
Q

Secondary Survey: head to toe examination
- head + neck

[5 checks]

A
  • breathing (slow, shallow, difficult)
  • pulse (slow, weak, irregular)
  • size of pupils
  • whole head + face (bruising, bleeding, deformity)
  • neck (could accident have injured neck?)
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16
Q

Secondary Survey: head to toe examination
- shoulders + chest

[4 checks]

A
  • compare opposite shoulders / collar bone (fracture?)
  • ask conscious casualty for deep breath (equal movement? pain?)
  • feel ribcage + compare sides (fracture?)
  • other injuries (stab wounds, bleeding)
17
Q

Secondary Survey: head to toe examination
- abdomen + pelvis

[2 checks, 1 warning]

A
  • feel abdomen (abnormality? pain response?)
  • incontinence or bleeding
  • DO NOT squeeze or rock pelvis
18
Q

Secondary Survey: head to toe examination
- legs + arms

[2 checks]

A
  • signs of fracture / deformity

- ask conscious casualty to move all joints (difficulty? pain?)

19
Q

Secondary Survey: head to toe examination
- pockets + clues

[3 checks, 2 warnings]

A
  • check pockets for clues
  • look elsewhere on body (medical bracelet, needle marks, medication)
  • loosen tight clothing
  • ENSURE reliable witness when removing items from pockets
  • BEWARE sharp objects (e.g. needles)
20
Q

important things to ask conscious casulaty

[6 things, acronym]

A

SAMPLE

Sign + symptoms (how do you feel?)
Allergies
Medication
Past medical history
Last meal
Event history (what happened?)
21
Q

important step if you suspect neck injury

A

get another person to keep head in line with body at all times

22
Q

recovery position

[9 steps]

A
  • remove glasses
  • straighten both legs
  • move arm nearest you outwards, elbow bent with palm facing upwards
  • bring far arm across chest + hold back of hand against cheek
  • grab far knee with other hand, pull up keeping knee on the ground
  • keep casualty’s hand on their cheek, pull far leg towards you to roll onto their side
  • adjust upper leg, so hip and knee and bent at right angles
  • tilt head back to keep airway open
23
Q

what to do after recovery position

[3 things]

A
  • call emergency services
  • check casulaty’s breathing regularly, start CPR if breathing abnormal
  • switch sides every 30 minutes if in recovery position for lengthy period
24
Q

what side should pregnant women be put into recovery position on?

A

left (to help circulation)

25
Q

2 DON’Ts for recovery position

A
  • DON’T place pillow under casualty’s head when they’re lying on their back
  • DON’T put anything in unconscious casualty’s mouth
26
Q

HYPOXIA
(lack of oxygen)
- 11 signs + symptoms

A
  • pale, clammy skin (for dark skin, look at colour of skin inside lips)
  • blue tinges to skin/lips (cyanosis)
  • increasing pulse rate
  • weakened pulse
  • nausea or vomiting
  • increased breathing rate (oxygen deficiency)
  • lowered breathing rate (control centre causes)
  • distressed breathing / gasping
  • confusion or dizziness
  • lowering level of consciousness
  • clues from the cause (e.g. bleeding, injury, chest pain)
27
Q

treatment of hypoxia

[2 considerations]

A
  • need to treat cause of hypoxia (could be airway, breathing or circulation problems)
  • DON’T allow casualty to eat, drink or smoke

First Aid (10 decks)

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