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First Aid > Airway & breathing problems > Flashcards

Airway & breathing problems Flashcards

1
Q

‘normal’ respiratory rates

adult, child, baby

A 
adult = 12-20 breaths/min
child = 20-40 breaths/min
baby = 30-60 breaths/min
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2
Q

CHOKING

- 4 stages

A
  1. Encourage casualty to cough
  2. Back blows (x5, bend head lower than chest)
  3. Abdominal thrusts (x5, check between thrusts)
  4. Repeat steps 2 + 3 (while patient conscious)
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3
Q

choking baby

- 3 steps

A
  1. Back blows
    - lay on front over one arm
    - keep head below the chest
    - x5 blows between shoulder blades with palm of fingers
  2. chest thrusts
    - lay on back over other arm
    - keep head below the chest
    - x5 sharp presses with two fingers below chest
  3. Repeat steps 2 + 3
    - don’t stop while baby is conscious
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4
Q

if choking casulaty becomes unconscious

A

start CPR

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5
Q

ANAPHYLAXIS

- 4 most common reactions

A
  • prescribed drugs
  • insect stings
  • nuts
  • seafood
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6
Q

ANAPHYLAXIS
- airway signs + symptoms
(x4)

A
  • swelling of tongue + lips
  • feeling of throat closing up
  • hoarse voice
  • loud pitched, noisy breathing
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7
Q

ANAPHYLAXIS
- breathing signs + symptoms
(x2)

A
  • difficult, wheezy breathing

- ‘tight’ chest

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8
Q

ANAPHYLAXIS
- circulation signs + symptoms
(x5)

A
  • dizziness, faintness, passing out (esp. if sat upright)
  • pale, cold, clammy skin
  • fast pulse
  • rash may disappear
  • nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps
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9
Q

ANAPHYLAXIS
- treatment
(x8 things to remember)

A
  • call emergency services
  • lay casualty down
  • if faint, DO NOT sit up
  • if JUST breathing problems, sitting up may help
  • if faintness continues, raise legs above head
  • use auto-injector of adrenaline (if available)
  • if unconscious, check airway + breathing (CPR if required)
  • adrenaline can be administered every 5 mins
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10
Q

ASTHMA

- 8 signs + symptoms

A
  • difficulty breathing
  • wheezy breath sounds (from lungs)
  • difficulty speaking (breath mid-sentence)
  • pale, clammy skin
  • grey or blue lips / skin (cyanosis)
  • using neck and upper back muscles to help breathe
  • exhaustion
  • unconsciousness
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11
Q

TOP RULE OF TREATING ASTHMA

A

stay calm, reassuring - it avoids hyperventilation

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12
Q

treating an ASTHMA attack

x7 things to remember

A
  • sit casualty upright (even if too weak)
  • help use inhaler
  • take mind off attack (calm, reassuring conversation)
  • repeat use of inhaler after 5 mins
  • call emergency services if attack is prolonged, severe, worsens
  • DO NOT take patient outside (cold air makes attack worse)
  • if unconscious, lay down + CPR if necessary
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13
Q

CROUP

- 8 signs + symptoms

A
  • usually very young children
  • usually happens at night
  • distressed breathing
  • loud pitched whistle as child breathes
  • short ‘barking’ cough
  • pale, clammy skin
  • blue tinges to skin (cyanosis)
  • using neck and upper back muscles to help breathe
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14
Q

CROUP
- treatment

(x4 things)

A
  • keep calm
  • sit child up and reassure
  • seek medical advice
  • if severe (blue lips, temperature) call emergency services

though distressing, croup usually passes with no lasting harm

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15
Q

difference between ASTHMA and HYPERVENTILATION

A

HYPERVENTILATION: large amounts of air audibly entering lungs

ASTHMA: tight wheezy breaths

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16
Q

HYPERVENTILATION

- 9 signs + symptoms

A
  • unnaturally deep, fast breathing
  • attention seeking behaviour
  • dizziness, faintness
  • ‘tight’ chest
  • cramps in hands + feet
  • flushed skin (no cyanosis)
  • pins and needles
  • casualty thinks they cannot breathe
  • may pass out
17
Q

HYPERVENTILATION

- treatment

A
  • be firm + calm, but reassuring
  • move to quiet place + explain casualty is hyperventilating
  • ‘coach’ casualty’s breathing
  • sips of water help slow down breathing
  • breathing through nose reduces CO2 loss
  • if signs of HYPOXIA, call emergency services
18
Q

DROWNING

x4 things to remember

A
  • DON’T put yourself at risk (“reach or throw, don’t go”)
  • keep casualty horizontal during rescue to avoid shock
  • check airway + breathing (CPR if required)
  • call emergency services, even if recovered (could suffer secondary drowning)
19
Q

collapsed lung/sucking chest wound

- 8 signs + symptoms

A
  • severe difficulty breathing
  • painful breathing
  • fast, shallow breathing
  • cyanosis
  • pale, clammy skin
  • uneven chest movements (injured side may not rise)

SUCKING CHEST WOUND

  • sound of air being drawn into wound, bubblign blood
  • crackling feeling of skin around injury
20
Q

collapsed lung/sucking chest wound
- treatment

(5 things to remember)

A
  • immediately cover chest wound to prevent air entering
  • call emergency services
  • place sterile pad over wound, cover in plastic/cling film/kitchen foil or other airtight covering
  • tape air on 3 sides, preventing air entering but allowing to get out
  • if unconscious: CPR (if required) or recovery position
21
Q

which side recovery position for punctured lung?

A

injured side lowest, to help protect uninjured lung

22
Q

FLAIL CHEST

- 4 signs + symptoms

A
  • severe difficulty breathing
  • shallow, painful breathing
  • signs of fracture
  • ‘paradoxical’ chest movements (broken segment moves in opposite direction to rest of chest)
23
Q

FLAIL CHEST
treatment

(4 things to remember)

A
  • call emergency services
  • place casualty in most comfortable position (ideally sat up, inclined towards industry)
  • place large amounts of padding over fracture area
  • place arm on injured side in elevated sling

First Aid (10 decks)

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