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Equine medicine > Wound infections > Flashcards

Wound infections Flashcards

1
Q

The importance of the infection

A

The importance of the infection is the delaying of the wound healing

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2
Q

cause of infections

A
  • Mechanically (reducing the vascular supply)
  • Increases cellular response
  • Bacterial collagenolysis
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3
Q

signs of infection

A

General signs and local signs

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4
Q

General signs:

A
  • High fever
  • Depression
  • Decreased appetite
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5
Q

Local signs:

A

Painful, reddish, heat, swelling, functional limitation

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6
Q

Factors effecting the infections

A
  • Quantity and virulence of the germ

- Patient resistance

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7
Q

Bacterium

A

Aerob bacterium

Anaerob bacterium

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8
Q

Aerob bacterium

A
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus
  • Enterobacterium
  • Pseudomonas
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9
Q

Anaerob bacterium

A

-Clostridium

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10
Q

Types of infections

A

Bacteriological, clinical, mixed, parasitic, fungal

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11
Q

Clinical infections:

A
  • Presence with local and general signs

- Infected wounds heal slower than uninfected ones

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12
Q

Mixed infections:

A

-Relatively common, and tissue bacteria numbers above 1 million organisms delays healing

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13
Q

When is fungal infection common?

A

This infection of superficial wounds is relatively common

-Phythius spp. infection can be catastrophic complications of relatively triviale wounds

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14
Q

Which complications can we have in an infection?

A

Foreign body, necrotic tissue, blooding, burns, Loss of blood supply

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15
Q

Other factors making the infection worse:

A
  • High concentration desinfitiation – stop the healing
  • Bone sequester – bigger infection
  • Sutures material
  • Talcum
  • Metal implants
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16
Q

Antiseptics:

A
  • Povidone-iodine (0.1 – 0.2%)
  • Chlorhexidine (0.05%)
  • Hydrogen peroxide (3%)
  • Acetic acid solution (0.25 – 0.5% not recommended)
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17
Q

Infections:

A
  • Primary infection
  • Secondary infection
  • Exogen (contact, aerogenic) – most common
  • Endogen (haematogen)
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18
Q

View of the infection:

A
  • Primary infection
  • Secondary infection
  • Exogen (contact, aerogenic) – most common
  • Endogen (haematogen)
19
Q

Clean infection:

A
  • Non traumatic surgical wounds
  • Hollow viscus is not entered
  • Incision does not pass through infected or nonviable tissue
20
Q

Clean - contaminated:

A

-Surgical wounds in which the lumen of the alimentary, urogenital or respiratory tract may be entered but with minimal invasiveness and contamination

21
Q

Contaminated infection:

A
  • Traumatic wounds
  • Relatively clean source of wounding
  • Commonly accompanied by inflammation
  • Include surgical wounds that contain “spill” from another organ and traumatic wounds older than 4 to 6 hours
22
Q

Infected wounds

A
  • Old traumatic wounds
  • Pus and/or abscess is present
  • Preoperative entry into viscera may have occurred
  • Infected wound
23
Q

Which calassification can we put the wounds into after bacterium?

A
  • Pyogenic
  • Putrid
  • Aerogenic
  • Mono- or polyinfection
24
Q

Pyogenic wound infection:

A
  • Staphylococcus
  • Streptococcus, Rhodococcus
  • Corynebacterium
  • Pseudomonas
  • E. coli
  • 6 – 8 hours after wounding we will have the pyogenic infection
  • Endo- and exotoxins will be produced, signs:
  • Thrombotisation of vessels
  • Necrosis and neutrophils
  • Leukocytosis
25
Q

Signs of pyogenic wound infections:

A

Local:Painful, reddish, heat, swelling, functional limitation, lymphadenitis

general:
Fever, decreased appetite,

26
Q

Local signs of pyogenic sutured wound:

A
  • Swelling, tension of the material and tissue, fluctuation, discharge of pus
  • Painful, redish, functional limitation
  • We do the opening of the edges and demarcation, second intention
  • Bacto test to check resistance
  • Ther.: AB, opening when fluctuate drainage and bandage
27
Q

Local signs of pyogenic fresh wound:

A
  • Discharge of pus, swlling
  • Painful, reddish, functional limitation
  • Demarcation
  • Ther.: AB, helping in the cleansing (?)
28
Q

Special clinical forms of pyogenic wound infections:

A
  • Erysipelas
  • Phlegmone
  • Abscess
29
Q

Erysipellas:

A
  • Pyogenic germs specially streptococci in the skin
  • Fastly progrediated and demarcated
  • Horse, cow, pig and dog
  • Pustule, phlegmone and gangrene

-Thr.: AB, sulfonamides (recidivate)

30
Q

Phelgmone

A
  • Septic or aseptic inflammation of the connective tissue
  • It can be subcutan, subfascial, intermuscular,
  • Special form I horse: Einschuss-phlegmone in horse
  • Localized or diffuse
31
Q

Subcutan signs of phlegmone:

A
  • Painful
  • Swelling is sharply described and daughy
  • Functional limitation
  • Fever
32
Q

Subfascial and intermuscular signs of phlegmone:

A 
Most painful 
(skin over the swelling is moveable)
-Swelling is smooth and tight 
-Strong functional limitation 
-Fever

Therapy: AB, rest, hyperaemisa bandage , ointment, NSAIDs

33
Q

Phlegmones can become:

A
  • Sanatio
  • Abscess
  • Elephanthiasis
34
Q

Abscess:

A
  • Cavity in the tissue filled with pus
  • Empyema: pus in a natural body cavity
  • Sequester: abscess in the bone
  • Result of haematoma, seroma, phlegmone or foreign body infection
  • Demarcated inflammation and necrotic tissue
35
Q

Injury of the eye:

A

Septic endothalmitis

36
Q

Cause of the abscess:

A
  • Wrong deinfitiation of the skin
  • Non sterile needle, instruments
  • High concentration of antiseptic fluids
  • Phlegmone
  • Necrotic tissues
  • Foreign body
37
Q

Signs of abcess:

A
  • Well focused, fluctuating, painful, swelling

- Centhesis

38
Q

what can happen to the abscess?

A

-Absoption
-Opened
-Fistulation
Thr.: open it, curettage

39
Q

What is pus?

A

-Serum and necrotic tissue part with dead leucocytes and bacteria

40
Q

Results of pyogenic infections:

A
  • Toxaemis
  • Septicaemia
  • Pyemia
  • Local result - Fistulation (bursitis)
41
Q

Gasphlegmone

A

-Clostridium
-Manifestation of signs (1 – 4 hours)
-Toxins
-Emphysematous gas production
-Severe signs
Thr.: surgical approuche

42
Q

tetanus:

A
  • Clostridium tetani toxins in punctured deep wound or after surgical procedures (castration 10 – 14 days)
  • Mainly in horse, cow or in pig
43
Q

Signs of tetanus:

A

Muscle rigidity, as max opened nostrils, prolapse of the membrane nicitans, trismus, rigid posture and moving and ear holding, dyspnoe, defense of the abdominal

Equine medicine (17 decks)

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