Radiology of the hindlimbs and the back Flashcards
How do we take radiography of the hind pastern?
similar as how we view it in the forelimbs
where is osteoarthritis more common?
proximal interphalangeal joint in the hindlimb
what are the views of the hind fetlock?
standard views as for the front fetlock
LM, DPL, D45L - PIM oblique, Pl45L - DM oblique
What can be seen in the metatarsal region?
pathy opacity
marked entheseous reaction
Splint bones of the hind limbS?
they are susceptible to trauma, especially MTIV
What is sequestrum?
a piece of devitalised, dead bone, separated from thesurrounding bone due to necrosis
how does sequestrium look on the radiograph?
it has radioopacity within a lucent lesion, completely separated from the surrounding bone
Common cuases to take radiograph of the hock
frequent cause of hindlimb lameness, osteoarthritis in the distal tarsal joints
susceptible to trauma: kick wounds, infectious arthritis
osteochondrosis dissecans
what are the standard views of the hock?
LM
D45L-PIMO
PI45L-DMO
DPL
What are the additional views of the hock?
flexed LM
skyline
Osteochondrosis dissecans - normal locations
distal intermediate ridge of the tibia
Trochlear ridges of the talus ( lateral –> medial)
Medial malleolus
What can a fracture of the malleolus origin from and what can it lead to?
traumatic origin –> ostechondrosis
what are the indications to take a radiography of the stifle?
swelling
- joint distension without clinical significance is rare
lameness localised to the stifle joint
which picture is best to take of the stifle?
LM
CauCr
flexed lateromedial
- some horses tolerate it better, easier to access the proximal aspect of the trochlear ridges
skyline
what formations can be seen in the femur
osteochondrosis dissecans
osteoarthritis
calcinosis circumscripta
Indications to take picture of the pelvis
suspected fracture of the ischium
coxofemoral joint
- diagnostic analgesia
- clinical signs
Indications to take a radiography of the back
back pain - often secondary to lameness, ill fitting saddle etc
poor performance
dangerous behaviour
Diagnostic analgesia
What is to be considered when taking a radiograph of the back?
great and variable tissue thickness
powerful - xray machine is required
portable machin - especially with DR system to take phots of the dorsal spinous processes
radiation safety when taking picture of the back
High exposures
- casset should not be hand held
is it is possible, use the exposure button
comprenehsive ealuation - 9-11 images
what should be included in a radiograph of the back?
dorsal spinous processes (DSP’s) - laterolateral images
vertebral bodies (laterolateral images)
articular process (facet) joints (APJ’s) ventral to dorsal oblique views
What is impinging dorsal spinous processes
Could be seen in horses without back pain
diagnostic analgesia crucial to establish significance
the more severe changes the greater number of DSP’s involved, the more likely to be significant
Why take radiograp of the vertebral bodies?
Could be spondolysis
