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MAR 250 > Worms > Flashcards

Worms Flashcards

1
Q

what type of larvae do annelids have?

A

Trochophores

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2
Q

What type of symmetry do worms have?

A

bilateral

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3
Q

What are characteristics of platyhelminthes?

A

Bilateral symmetry
– Three tissue layers
– Central nervous system with brain (ganglia)
(cluster of nerve tissue in head)
– Incomplete digestive tract: gut without anus
– Many are marine: free-living flatworms,
parasitic flukes, and tapeworms.
– No body cavity
– Hermaphroditic

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4
Q

What are characteristics of Class Turbellaria?

A

Free living flatworms
Mostly non-parasitic

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5
Q

What are characteristics of Class Monogenea?

A

fresh and marine parasites
external parasites of fish
simple life cycle

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6
Q

What are characteristics of Class Trematoda?

A

Internal parasites of molluscs and vertebrates
- 1 or more suckers
- Complex life cycle with two hosts
- Mollusc host first – miracidium enter host
- Vertebrate host second - cercaria dispersed and
penetrate second host

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7
Q

What are characteristics of Class cestoda?

A

tape worms
mostly hermophrodites

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8
Q

What are Nemertea?

A

Ribbon worms

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9
Q

What are plathelminthes?

A

flatworms

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10
Q

What are characteristics of Nemertea?

A

Proboscis – capture prey with venom
- Rhynchocoel – surrounds proboscis
- Reduced body cavity
-** Circulatory** system
- Many are poisonous/taste bad
- Separate mouth and anus

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11
Q

Why is being flat an advantage to some worms?

A

– **no circulatory system; **
diffuse oxygen &
nutrients directly into the cell

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12
Q

What is a proboscis?

A

structure in ribbon worms.
they compress their bodies to push out the **proboscis

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13
Q

What are nematoda?

A

roundworms

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14
Q

What are characteristics of nematoda?

A

Free living and Parasitic
- Only longitudinal muscles
- Pseudocoelom
- Circular
- Cuticle – outer case (molts case to grow)

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15
Q

What is the life cycle of nematoda?

A

Larval stages are found in fish and can be** passed** to humans if raw (or undercooked) fish is consumed

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16
Q

What is Spinucula?

A

Peanut worm

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17
Q

What is chaetognatha?

A

arrow worms

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18
Q

What are characteristics of chaetognatha?

A

No retractable anterior
* Caudal fin
* Ciliary fans
* Grasping spines (mouth)

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of Spiuncula?

A

Retractable anterior
* Introvert with tentacles – protrusible organ for
feeding
* Live in sediment, among rocks (benthic)
* Brain, central nerve cord with branches

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20
Q

How many plathyelminetes are there?

A

12,000 species

21
Q

How many species of nemertea?

A

1,000 + species

22
Q

How many species are in nematoda?

A

12,000 species

23
Q

How many chaetognatha are there?

A

120 species

24
Q

How many species are in sipuluca?

A

300

25
Q

What are annelids?

A

segmented worms

26
Q

What are the characteristics of annelida?

A

Metamerism (segmented)
* Coelom – fluid filled body cavity
* Locomotion via **longitudinal **and
circular muscles

27
Q

What is metamerism?

A
  • Repeating digestive glands, reproduction organs, locomotory appendages (serial homology)
  • Localized contraction for movement
28
Q

What is the Prostomium of a head segment?

A

(**front **of mouth) – head

29
Q

What is Peristomium?

A

(surrounds mouth) – 1st “segment

30
Q

What is a Pygidium

A

the terminal part or hind segment of the body

31
Q

What is a coelom?

A

body cavity** between** the intestinal canal and the body wall.

32
Q

What is a pseudocoelom?

A

the body cavity filled with fluid.

33
Q

What are polychaeta?

A

sandworms, tube worms, clam worms

34
Q

What are mobile and sedentary annelids?

A

Errantia (mobile/swimming)
Sedentaria (tube dwelling)

35
Q

What are Clitellata

A

earth worms

36
Q

What are the subclass of earthworms and leeches?

A
  • Subclass: Oligochaeta – earthworms
  • Subclass: Hirudinoidea - leeches
37
Q

What are the types of sedentary feeders?

A

Suspension feeders

Filter Feeders

Deposit Feeders

38
Q

How does the feather worm filter feed?

A

● Cilia on the tentacles direct small** food**
particles
● Small plankton swept into tubes
● If tentacles are disturbed, they will move into
tube

39
Q

how does the lungworm deposit feed?

A

● thin-walled, jawless proboscis
o used to draw sand into the gut
o where organic matter is removed
● It continually eats the sand to create a burrow.
● This draws water into the burrow
● Filters particles from the current

40
Q

What are characteristics of earthworms?

A

Clitellum – “collar” that forms a reproductive
cocoon during part of life cycle.
* Located near “head”
* ~8,000 species
* Hermaphrodites

41
Q

What are the characteristics of leeches

A

Parasitic
* Anterior circumoral sucker
* Posterior ventral sucker
* ~100 marine species

42
Q

What type of circulatory system do annelids have?

A

closed circulatory system

43
Q

What are the 2 major blood vessels of annelids

A

dorsal and ventral: Connected by capillaries which run
through all parts of the body

44
Q

How many “hearts” do annelids have and how do they function?

A

5:
In the head region
– Connect the ventral and dorsal blood
vessels
– Rhythmically contract

45
Q

How do annelids reproduce asexually?

A
  • can regenderate
  • transverse fission: posterior half attaches itself to
    substrate while anterior half continues
    to move forward until two halves pull
    apart
46
Q

Polychaeta Sexual
Reproduction

A

Most male or female (dioecious)
* No specific reproductive organs,
* Conversion of several
posterior segments into
specialized reproductive
segments
* Swim to surface to release
gametes
* External fertilization

47
Q

What is epitoky?

A

sexually immature worm is modified or transformed into a sexually mature worm

48
Q

How do earthworms produce sexually?

A

Hermaphroditic
* Citellum secrete
cocoon
* Clitellums lined up
with** game**t-producing
sexual organs
* External feralization
* No larva stage

49
Q

How do leeches reproduce sexually?

A

Hermaphroditic
* Sperm fertilizes egg
still in body
* Internal feralization
* No larva stage

MAR 250 (9 decks)

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