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MAR 250 > Macroalgae and Angiosperms > Flashcards

Macroalgae and Angiosperms Flashcards

1
Q

What is a prokaryote?

A

-Singles cells lacking a distant nucleus, nuclear membrane and cellular organelles
-(can also be bacteria)

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2
Q

What are Eukaryotes?

A

-have nuclear nucleus, cellular membrane, cellular organelles, and distinct chromosomes
(-plants, animals, prtozoa like paraceum).

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3
Q

Wat is macroalgae?

A

-seaweeds
-Aren’t real plants
-1-5% of primary production

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4
Q

What are Non vascular plants?

A

plants without a vascular system (xylem and phoem for water transport)

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5
Q

What are the characteristicts of macroalgae?

A

-variety of sizes
-live in photic zone
-7000 species
-colonial members of kingdom protista
-connect to sub-stratum
-take up nutrient from the surrounding water
-don’t have the extensive support structures or other adaptations needed for life in air

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6
Q

What affects algae?

A

-drying out
-sunlight
-rocks
-waves
-temperature

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7
Q

How do algae survive?

A

-flexable
-easy to absorb shock
-resistant to abrasion
-reduced drag
-strong

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8
Q

What the algae’s blades?

A

Leaves

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9
Q

What is algae’s stipe?

A

the stem structures

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10
Q

What is an algae’s holdfast?

A

root shaped humble

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11
Q

What is the alge gas bladder?

A

helps algae to face the surface for ample light for photosynthesis

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12
Q

What is an algae thalus/frond

A

the body

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13
Q

How do we classify algae?

A

through acessory pigments(color in their tissues)

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14
Q

Whst are chlorophyta?

A

green algae

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15
Q

What are phaeophyta?

A

brown algae

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16
Q

What are Rodophyta?

A

red algae

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17
Q

What pigments, storage products, and cell wall do green algae have?

A

-chlorophyll A and B
-Starch
-cellulose

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18
Q

What pigments, storage products, and cell wall do brown algae have?

A

-A,B Fuxoanthin
-laminain,mannitol
-Aginate

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19
Q

What pigments, storage products, and cell wall do red algae have?

A

-A,D and phycoeerthryn
-floridian starch
-Agarcarregeeian

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20
Q

What are qualities of brown algae?

A

-live in low intertidal, shallow subtidal, , include largest seaweeds (kelps), usually more morphologically
differentiated than green seaweeds

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21
Q

What are the qualities of green seaweeds?

A

photosynthetic pigments similar to higher plants, store starch, wide variety of morphologies

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22
Q

What are the qulities of red algae?

A

Most of the worlds seaweeds are red algaes
Tend to be small
Dim light they excel in – can be in deep water where there is not much light at all – due to pigments
Can also live on rocks in direct sunlight near shore

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23
Q

What is the life cycle of Laminaria?

A

Laminarian kelps have a complex life cycle alternating between a large asexual sporophyte and a small gametophyte

24
Q

What is a sporophyte?

A

the big algae plant

25
Q

What is a gameophyte?

A

the microscopic plant

26
Q

What are life histories in terms of seaweeds?

A

-based on alternation of life history stages
-vary in wether forms are identical haplois or diploid

27
Q

What is kelp?

A

-giant seaweed
-can grow up to 132ft
-can grow 20 inches in a day
-pigments allow them to grow at deeper depths

28
Q

What is ismorphic?

A

same form

29
Q

What is a codium?

A

No gameophyte stage

30
Q

What are kelp forests?

A

-dominated by brown seaweed
-high growth rates
-can be 10-20m high
-shelter may species

31
Q

What is saragassum?

A

-megaplankton
-Brown seaweed that forms massive floating mats in the sargasso sea
-doesn’t have a holdfast
-forms large mats
associated with specialized communities
-provides shelter and food

32
Q

What is the fastest growing seaweed?

A

chlorophytes(green)

33
Q

What is the slowest growing and longest lived seaweed?

A

phaeophytes(brown)

34
Q

What are the deepest lived seaweeds?

A

phodophytes(red)

35
Q

What is kelp farming?

A

kelp spores are seeded to spools and grow a strong line between buoys

36
Q

What is Biofuel?

A

any fuel that is derived by plant, algae, or animal waste

37
Q

What plants are in phylum Trachaephyta?

A

vascular plants

38
Q

What plants are in superclass Angiospermae?

A

flowering plants

39
Q

What plants are considered true plants?

A

flowering plants (angiosperms)
they have true leaves, stems, roots, and andictive tissues

40
Q

What are seagrasses?

A

-eel and manatee grass
-live in shallow water
-very simple flowers
-pollen spreads floating on water

41
Q

What is the structure of seagrass?

A

-rhizone system has symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria within sediment
(allows asexual growth and lateral speed)
shoots coming out of sediment spreading towards surface

42
Q

What are saltmarsh plants?

A

plants boardering shallow bays and estuaries at the mouth of rivers

43
Q

What is cordgrass (spartina)?

A

the dominant salt-marsh plant in the marshes

44
Q

What happens to saltmarsh plants are exposed to saltwater?

A

-they are exposed at high tide
-help deal with excess salt

45
Q

What halophytes?

A

-(salt tolerating plants)
-grow in areas of higher elevation than cord grass
-important to marine habitats

46
Q

What is Detrius?

A

dead decaying organic matter. Feeds food webs, in addition to phytoplankton

47
Q

What is startina spp?

A

spread by a rhizone system: plants are interconnected and consists of stands of the same genotype

48
Q

How do salt marsh plants trap fine particles?

A

by colonization of sediment

49
Q

What are adaptations of Spartina?

A

-sediment is anoxic
-fiddler crab burrows enhance spartina growth allowing aeration of the soil
-Aerechymal tissue allows gas exchange even when surrounded by anoxic soil

50
Q

What are qualities of mangroves?

A

-roots trap sediments
-stabilize wetlands and coasts
-act as shelter and shade for organisms

51
Q

Where do mangorves live?

A

tropic and subtropic areas

52
Q

What are the conditions of mangroves?

A

-tolerate only partial submergence
-many have rootsthat are exposed at low tide
-can’t be in freezing temperatures

53
Q

How do mangroves germinate?

A

-while still atatched to the parent plant and develop into seelings before falling into water. They are carried by water to new locations

54
Q

How do mangroves deal with salt?

A

-they are very salt tolerant plants
-leaves have salt gland that can excrete salt from cell cytosol to leaf structures

55
Q

What are qualities of red mangroves?

A

leaves are elliptical, glossy, and closest to the water

56
Q

What are qualities of black mangroves?

A

-projections around trunk
-aid in air nutrient, and salt exchange
-higher on shore
-salt excreted through leaves

57
Q

What are qualities of white mangroves?

A

-single trunk that is light green
-farthest up on shore

MAR 250 (9 decks)

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