Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MAR 250 > Poriferans, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores > Flashcards

Poriferans, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores Flashcards

1
Q

WHat are the cell layers of poriferans?

A

Totipotent cells
* Pinacoderm
* Pinacocytes
* Choanoderm
* Choanocytes
* Mesohyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are totipotent cells?

A

cells that can form all types of
cells in body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are pinacoderm cells?

A

outer surface** layer**

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are pinacocytes?

A

outer surface cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are choanoderms?

A

inner surface layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are choanocytes?

A

inner surface cells, flagellated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mesohyll?

A

the layer inbetween the outer and inner layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the tissue layers of poriferans?

A

They have no real tissue. Their whole body is a single tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are ostita?

A

pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are amebocytes?

A

Pick up and **distribute **nutrient particles from
water flow through the
epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are choanocytes?

A

Move water into
epithelium (outside
protective layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an osculum?

A

where water exits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are organic poriferan skelletons made of

A

collagen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are in-organic poriferan skelletons made of

A

hydrated silicon dioxide or calcium** c**arbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are spicules?

A

Skeletal elements made of Calcium-carbonate
or silicon dioxide, and/or collagen
* Produced by mesohyl cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the functions of spicules?

A

Provide support
* Regenerate
* Defense against predators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are coral reefs?

A

Cnidarians:Anthozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are Neumatocysts?

A

stinging tentacles with cells for capturing prey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are sessile polyps?

A

attached form with mouth and
tentacles positioned upwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are medusa polyps?

A

free-swimming form that is
transported by water currents, mouth with
surrounding tentacles positioned
downwards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are corals?

A

Single or colonial polyps without a medusa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do corals often contain?

A

symbiotic zooxanthellae, symbiotic dinoflagellates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do corals feed?

A

The coral zooxanthellae produce organic matter through photosynthesis.
* Some of this organic matter is passed to the coral.
* They also use their neumatocysts
* **mesenterial **filaments

24
Q

What are coral reefs?

A

an underwater ecosystem characterized by reef-building corals. Reefs are formed of colonies of coral polyps held together by calcium carbonate.

25
Q

What type of coral makes coral reefs?

A

Hermatypic (hard corals)

26
Q

What type of coral doesn’t make coral reefs?

A

Ahermatypic(soft corals)

27
Q

What do corals eat?

A

plankton and
other small prey

28
Q

What are mesenterial filaments?

A

**filiments **that secrete digestive enzymes
allow coral to feed and digest outside body

29
Q

What are the types of coral reefs?

A

Fringing Reefs
Barrier reefs
Atolls

30
Q

What are atolls?

A

ring-shaped island, including a coral rim that encircles a lagoon.

31
Q

What are barrier reefs?

A

a reef that is separated from the main coast by a deep channel or lagoon

32
Q

What are fringing reefs?

A

grow near the coastline around islands and continents.
separated from the shore by narrow, shallow lagoons.
most common type of reef.

33
Q

What are ideals for coral growth?

A
  1. Hard substrate
  2. Narrow temperature range
  3. Narrow salinity range
  4. Optimal light for zooxanthellae
  5. Low sediment load in water
  6. Calm water
  7. Low pollution levels
  8. pH
34
Q

What is coral bleaching

A

expulsion of zooxanthellae due to global warming

35
Q

How do hydroids reproduce

A

Sperm are released into the sea and eggs are fertilized within the female gonophores where the** embryos develop** into planulae.

36
Q

What are aqueous systems in proferians?

A

Water channels
* Transports food, oxygen, waste
products, reproductive products,
hormones
* Filters its own volume every 10-
20 second

37
Q

How do proiferans reoroduce asexually?

A

buds break off
and grow into a new sponge

38
Q

How do poriferans reproduce sexually?

A

sperm are** released into
the water (broadcast spawning) to
be picked up by a nearby sponge**
and directed to egg.
* Most** sponges** are hermaphrodites
(produce both sperm and eggs).

39
Q

What are the classes of poriferans?

A

Class Calcarea

Class Hexactinellida

Class Demospongiae

40
Q

What is class calcera

A

spicules made of Calcium carbonate

41
Q

What are Class Hexactinellida

A

spicules made of slicon dioxide,
6-rayed

42
Q

What is Class Demospongiae

A

spicules made of slicon dioxide,
not 6-rayed,
sometimes collagen

43
Q

How do cnidarians reproduce asexually?

A

Polyps reproduce by
budding

44
Q

How do cnidarians reproduce sexually?

A

In some cnidarians:
medusa is the sexual
stage, releasing eggs and
sperm.
– Fertilized egg results in a
zygote, which develops
into a swimming larva,
the planula.
* The planula settles on the
bottom to form a colony
of polyps.
– New medusae are
formed by mature colony

45
Q

What are hydroids?

A

Most consist of colony of polyps, with small
reproductive medusa.

46
Q

What are Siphonophores?

A

hydrozoans that form
drifting colonies of polyps; Colonies of polyps that
all work together and play different roles for survival

47
Q

What are class cubozoa?

A

Cubomedusae:
– Small medusae with tentacles armed
with very powerful nematocysts that may
cause death in humans

48
Q

What are scyphozoa?

A

large jelly fish:
* Weak swimmers
* Contract and
pulsate bell (body)
* Tentacles

49
Q

What are geological importance of coral reefs?

A

often massive physical
structures

50
Q

What are the biological importance of coral reefs?

A

biological structure,
High diversity

51
Q

What are the ecological importance of coral importance?

A

shoreline protection,
harbors, fishing,
tourism

52
Q

What is white band disease?

A

affects acroporid corals, perhaps gram negative bacterium, not isolated yet

53
Q

What is white plague?

A

rapid degradation of
corals, gram negative bacterium,
cultured in lab and infects corals

54
Q

What is black band dsease?

A

affects, non-
acroporid corals, consortium of
microorganisms, leads to sulfide
accumulation and toxicity to corals

55
Q

What are ctenophora?

A

comb jellies:
– 8 rows of ciliary combs that
beat continuously
– Radial symmetry
– No nematocysts
– Long sticky tentacles used to
capture prey
– About 100 species, all
marine, mostly planktonic

MAR 250 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions