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MAR 250 > Introduction, physical properties and conservation > Flashcards

Introduction, physical properties and conservation Flashcards

1
Q

What is functional Biology?

A

How an organism carries out basic functions

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2
Q

What is Ecology?

A

Factors involved in distribution/abundance of organisms

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3
Q

Factors involved in distribution/abundance of organismsWhat are factors

A

Ecology

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4
Q

What is the study of How an organism carries out basic functions

A

Functional Biology

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5
Q

What is Biodiversity

A

Flora and fauna should be diverse to recover from moderate disturbances

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6
Q

How do we study the scientific method?

A
  1. State the question
  2. Collection information
  3. Form a hypothesis
  4. Test hypothesis
  5. Record and study data
  6. Draw a conclusion
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7
Q

What Nektons?

A

actively swimming aquatic organisms in a body of water

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8
Q

What are actively swimming aquatic organisms in a body of water called?

A

Nektons

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9
Q

What are Benthos?

A

organisms that live on, in, or near the bottom of the ocean.

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10
Q

What are organisms that live on, in, or near the bottom of the ocean called?

A

Benthos

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11
Q

What is intertidal?

A

The area where the ocean meets the land between high and low tides.

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12
Q

What is the area where the ocean meets the land between high and low tides.

A

Intertidal

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13
Q

What is subtidal?

A

the area where the seabed is below the lowest tide.

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14
Q

What is the area where the seabed is below the lowest tide

A

Subtidal

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15
Q

What is Nertic?

A

the shallow part of the ocean located between the intertidal zone and the oceanic zone

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16
Q

What is the shallow part of the ocean located between the intertidal zone and the oceanic zone?

A

Nertic Zone

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17
Q

What is pelagic?

A

of, relating to, or living or occurring in the open sea

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18
Q

How deep is the epipelagic zone?

A

0-200m deep

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19
Q

How deep is the mesopelagic zone?

A

200-1000m deep

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20
Q

How deep is the Bathyal zone?

A

1000-4000m deep

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21
Q

How deep is the Abysall zone?

A

4000-6000m deep

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22
Q

How deep is the hadal zone?

A

more than 6000m deep

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23
Q

How much of Earth’s oceans cover the planet?

A

71%

24
Q

How much does the Southern Hemisphere cover?

A

80%

25
Q

How much does the Northern Hemisphere cover?

A

61%

26
Q

How much of the ocean is 2000m deep?

A

84%

27
Q

How deep is the mariana’s Trench

A

more than 11,000m deep

28
Q

What is the Oceanic crust?

A

Crust is formed at ridges, moved laterally, and destroyed by subduction, which forms trenches

29
Q

What is Subduction?

A

Where one edge of one lithospheric plate is forced below the edge of another.

30
Q

What are trenches?

A

any long, narrow, steep-sided depression in the ocean bottom

31
Q

What is biologically the richest part of the ocean?

A

The continential Shelf

32
Q

Wha is the continential Shelf?

A

the edge of a continent that lies under the ocean

33
Q

What is the continential Slope?

A

Transition between the gently descending continential shelf and the deep ocean floor .

34
Q

What is the shelf break?

A

marks the limit of the continental shelf and the beginning of the continental slope

35
Q

What are submarine canyons?

A

a steep-sided valley cut into the seabed of the continental slope, often terminating on the deep sea floor in a fan shaped wedge of sediment

36
Q

What is the continential Rise?

A

Base of continental slope is covered by an apron of accumulated sediment

37
Q

What is an active continential margin?

A

Edges of diverging plates

38
Q

What is a passive continential margin?

A

Edges of converging plates

39
Q

What is the oceanic ridge?

A

Mountainous chain of young basaltic rock at the active spreading center of an ocean

40
Q

What are fracture areas?

A

inactive faults

41
Q

What are hydrotheromal vents?

A

fissure on the seabed from which geothermally heated water discharges

42
Q

What are abyssal plains?

A

Flat featureless expanses of sediment covered ocean floor

43
Q

What are abyssal hills?

A

Small sediment covered extinct volcanoes of once molten rock
Less than 200 m (650ft) high

44
Q

What are seamounts?

A

Circular or elliptical (more then 1km (06 miles) high) with steep slope of 20 to 25 degrees

45
Q

What are Guyots?

A

Flat topped seamounts
Eroded by wave action from the surface

46
Q

What are are Island Arcs?

A

Curving chains of volcanoes and seamounts
Usually found parallel to concave edges of trenches

47
Q

What is the temperature range of the ocean?

A

(-1.9 to 40 °C) less than terrestrial range (-68.5 to 58 °C)

48
Q

How cold is the deep ocean?

A

Deep ocean is cold (2 to 4 °C)

49
Q

What is a verdical temperature gradient

A

The mean temperature in the occupied zone and the mean temperature in the zone above the occupied zone called the upper zone and a dimensionless temperature gradient

50
Q

Why is the ocean salty?

A

Geological rocks and hydrothermal vents

51
Q

What is salinity?

A

g of dissolved salts per 1000 g of seawater; units are o/oo or ppt or practical salinity unit

52
Q

What increases salinity?

A

evaporation, sea-ice formation

53
Q

What decreases salinity?

A

precipitation, river runoff

54
Q

What is the salinity of the open ocean?

A

32 to 38 o/oo

55
Q

What is corolis forces?

A

the rotation of the earth rotates current flow to the right in the N hemisphere, and to the left in S hemisphere

MAR 250 (9 decks)

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