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MAR 250 > Mollusks > Flashcards

Mollusks Flashcards

1
Q

What is a mantle?

A

a layer of tissue that lies between the **shell **and the body.

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2
Q

What is the foot?

A

the underside used for movement.

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3
Q

What are the main features of Molluska?

A

Huge size range
* **Bilateral **symmetrical
* Unsegmented
* Protostomes
* Complete gut
* Large complex
nephridia (most)
* remove metabolic
wastes

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4
Q

What is a radula?

A

tongue with scraping
teeth used for feeding

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5
Q

What is ctenidia?

A

a respiratory organ or gill in a mollusk with filaments

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6
Q

How do ctenia function?

A

Food particles are trapped in mucus on gills and transported to mouth

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7
Q

What type of larvae do mollusks have?

A

trochophores

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8
Q

What are the classes of mollusks?

A

-Bivalves
-Gastropods(snails and slugs)
Cephalopoda(octopus)
Scaphopoda (Tusk shells)
Aplacophora (marine vermiform molluscs)
Polyplacophora(chittons)

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of bivalves?

A

Two shells (valves)
* ~20,000 species at all depths
* Mostly **sessile filter feeders
* Usually separate sexes
* No “head” or radula**
* Laterally (right-left)
compressed
– held together by a hinge
ligament

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10
Q

re the

What is an umbo?

A

oldest part of the
shell, growth occurs in
concentric rings around it

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11
Q

What are siphons used for?

A

Used to pump water
through the organism
for gas exchange and
filter feeding.
– Sometimes used for jet
propulsion

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12
Q

How do bivalves move?

A

extending the muscular
foot between the
shells.

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13
Q

How to scallops move?

A

clapping their shells
together to create jet
propulsion.

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14
Q

What is the largest class of mollusks?

A

gastropods

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15
Q

What are characteristics of gastropods?

A

Marine, freshwater,
terrestrial.
* Benthic or pelagic
– Not all have shells

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16
Q

What is torsion?

A

a developmental process

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17
Q

How does torsion function?

A

– After veliger settles
– Body twists into permanent** loop**
– **Rearranges organs **and **brings **them together

18
Q

How do herbivore gastropods eat?

A

most are herbivores
Scrape off algae with Radula

19
Q

How do scavenger gastropods eat?

A

Tear off pieces with radular teeth

20
Q

How do canivorous gastropods eat?

A

Modified Radula to drill hole in
shells and eat other mollusks Via chemicals

21
Q

How do snails in the conus family eat

A

fish, worms, and molluscs.
– Highly modified radula used for prey capture.
– They** secrete** a toxin that paralyzes their prey.
* Some are painful, even lethal, to humans.

22
Q

What are Prosobranchia ?

A

snails with gills in front of heart

23
Q

What are Opisthobranchia

A

Snails with gills behind their heart.

24
Q

What is an example of Opisthobranchia

A

nudibranchs

25
Q

What is an example of Prosobranchia?

A

Spirally coiled
shell

26
Q

What are Pulmonata

A

land snails and slugs

27
Q

How do Pulmonata reproduce?

A

-Dart sac secretes calcareous dart (harpoon)
* During courtship dart is poked into body wall of the other snail

28
Q

What are the features fo gastropod and bivalve circulation and gas exchange?

A

Open circulatory system
* Heart with atria
* Hemocoel – body cavity

29
Q

What are Polyplacophora?

A

chittons:
elongated with 8 plates

30
Q

What are Scaphopoda?

A

tusk shells

31
Q

What are Aplacophora

A

marine vermiform molluscs

32
Q

What are the main features of cephlapods?

A

-beak-like jaws surrounded by tentacles of their modified foot.
– Modified foot is a **funnel **for expelling water from the mantle cavity.
- Ink sacs

33
Q

What are examples of cephalopods?

A

octopus, squid, nautilus

34
Q

What were early cephlopods like?

A

Fossils go back to** Cambrian** (570 mya)
* The** earliest had straight cone-shaped shells.
* Later examples had coiled shells similar to Nautilus**.

35
Q

How does a nautilus shell become buoyant?

A

made buoyant by
a series of gas
chambers

36
Q

How are cuttlefish shells formed?

A

a small curved shell, completely enclosed by
the mantle

37
Q

How are squid shells formed?

A

reduced to a small strip
called the pen, which is enclosed in the mantle

38
Q

What is the circulatory system of cephlapods?

A

closed

39
Q

how many hearts do celphlopods have?

A

1 systemic
2 branchial

40
Q

What is jet propulsion?

A

when the animal **takes in water **through its mantle. The water is then **pushed **through the siphon

41
Q

What are chromatophores?

A

cells in the skin
containing pigment
granules
allow color change

42
Q

How do cephlopods reproduce?

A

One arm of male is** modified** to removes a spermatophore from mantle cavity and inserts it into
female

MAR 250 (9 decks)

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