world war one: causes Flashcards
What important industrial area of France did Germany take control of?
Alsace-Lorraine.
In 1892, what has Germany become worried about?
Being encircled by France and Russia.
Which countries made up the Triple Alliance?
Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany.
Which countries were known as the 3 central powers?
Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany.
Which two ethnic groups were seeking independence from the Austro-Hungarian empire?
The Czechs and Serbs.
Who was Serbia supported by?
Russia.
Why did Italy join the Triple Alliance?
In the hope of building an empire of their own.
Who formed a secret alliance in 1892?
France and Russia.
Which countries were concerned about the growing power of Germany in 1892?
Russia and France.
Who lent money to Russia to help build up their very agrarian (farming based) economy?
France.
What caused tension between Russia and Austria-Hungary in 1892?
Russia was keen to defend the Serbs.
In what year was the Triple Entente formed?
1907.
Which 3 countries formed the Triple Entente?
Britain,France and Russia.
Why was Germany increasingly seen as a threat?
As the Kaiser wanted to build up a German navy and empire.
When was the Entente Cordiale between Britain and France?
1904.
What are 4 reasons why France, Britain and Russia formed an alliance?
~Russia was weakened by a war with Japan
~There were increasing threats from Germany
~France and Britain ended conflicts over colonies
~A response to the Triple Alliance
When was the first Moroccan crisis?
1905.
What conference was held to settle the dispute between Germany and France?
Algeciras Conference.
What was the speech the Kaiser made in Morocco about?
Supporting Moroccan independence.
When was the Balkans Crisis?
1908.
Which two rival empires was the Balkans area influenced by?
Austria-Hungary and Russia.
Why was the Balkans area unstable?
As countries there were becoming independent.
In what year did Austria take control of Bosnia?
1908.
Who was angry about Austria taking control of Bosnia in 1908?
Serbia and Russia.
Who supported Austria when they took control of Bosnia?
Germany.
Who was humiliated by the Balkans crisis?
Russia.
When was the second Moroccan crisis?
1911.
Why did the Sultan of Morocco ask France for help?
A rebellion in Fez.
What do the Germans take as an act of invasion in Morocco?
The French army moving in to support the Sultan in the rebellion.
What did the Germans do to support Moroccan independence?
Sent the Panther gunboat to the port of Agadir.
Why did the Kaiser order his gunboat to leave the port of Agadir?
Britain and France stood firm against Germany and even Italy opposed them.
What did the German humiliation over Morocco increase?
Public support for the war and the Kaiser.
What did Britain and France agree to jointly patrol in their secret naval agreements?
The Mediterranean Sea and the English Channel.
What does ‘splendid isolation’ mean?
Not getting involved in any conflicts (Britain’s policy).
What did the Kaiser want a more important role in?
World affairs.
How did the Kaiser want to build up an empire and have an influence in Europe?
By building a large navy, using intimidation and diplomacy.
What is diplomacy?
Negotiation with other countries.
What is Weltpolitik?
The Kaiser’s world policy.
What did Germany’s aggressive foreign policy lead to?
The Naval Arms Race.
In what year did the Kaiser announce plans for a large navy?
1898.
In what year was the HMS dreadnought launched?
1906.
What was the HMS dreadnought?
A new class of more powerful war ship.
How many dreadnoughts did Germany launch in 1908?
- (brought it close to Britain’s total).
By 1914, how many dreadnoughts did Germany and Britain have?
Germany - 17
Britain - 29
Which 3 preparations were made for war by Britain, France and Germany?
Germany - Schlieffen Plan
Britain - British Expeditionary Force (150,000 men)
France - French Plan 17
Which Serbian nationalist group assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
The Black Hand Gang.
Which person killed the Archduke and his wife in Sarajevo?
Gavrilo Princip.
On what day did Austria send an ultimatum to Serbia?
23rd of July 1914.
Why did Austria declare war on Serbia?
They only accepted 9 out of the 10 demands in the ultimatum.
What day did Austria declare war on Serbia?
28th of July 1914.
On what day did Russia mobilise its forces against Austria?
30th of July 1914.
On what day did Germany declare war on Russia?
1st of August 1914.
What dragged Western Europe into the conflict?
The schlieffen plan.
What 2 things happened on the 4th of August 1914?
~German troops invaded Belgium
~Britain declared war on Germany
On what day did Austria declare war on Russia?
6th of August 1914.
Why did the Germans have to move 100,000 troops east?
As Russia mobilised in 10 days instead of the predicted 6 weeks.
What did the French and British manage to do at the Battle of the Marne?
Managed to hold and push back the German army.
Where is the city of Mons?
In Belgium.
