germany: under the nazis Flashcards
How much unemployment was there in Germany in 1933?
Almost 6 million.
How much unemployment was there in Germany by 1939?
Virtually zero (invisible unemployment!).
When was the New Plan replaced by the Four Year Plan?
1936.
What did the Four Year Plan intend to make Germany?
Self-sufficient by 1940.
What was the National Labour Service?
A public work scheme which employed workers to build autobahns, railways and houses and they were paid for by the government.
When did rearmament secretly start?
1922.
What jobs were created due to rearmament?
Manufacturing weapons and army uniforms jobs.
When was conscription introduced?
1935.
What was the Reich Entailed Farm Law?
When farming communities were helped with guaranteed food prices and the right to keep their land.
Why were big businesses pleased with the nazis?
The Nazis were getting rid of the communist threats while the businesses benefitted from the new government spending.
Who were excluded from the prosperity?
Nazi opponents.
When was rationing started?
1939.
In what year was Germany’s economy totally directed towards war production?
1942.
Bombing of which 2 cities was intended to break German morale?
Berlin and Dresden.
How many Germans died during the raids?
Half a million.
How many Germans became homeless during the raids?
7.5 million.
What were the two main Nazi youth groups?
Hitler Youth and League of German Maidens.
What was seen as very important for both boys and girls in school?
Physical fitness.
When was the Concordat signed?
1933.
What was the Concordat?
An agreement between Hitler and the Catholic Church promising not to interfere with one another.
What was the Reich Church?
An official state Protestant Church set up by Hitler.
Who was Martin Niemoller?
A Protestant Church leader who stood up to Hitler by setting up their own independent churches.
What did the 1935 Nuremberg Laws state?
That Jews were not German citizens and couldn’t marry Germans.
What was the Nazi organised purge in November 1938?
Kristallnacht (The Night of Broken Glass).
In what year were ghettos introduced?
1939.
How many Jews in German occupied areas were shot by the Einsatzgruppen from 1941?
Half a million.
When was the Final Solution to the Jewish problem started?
1942.
What was the Nuremberg Rally?
An annual spectacular event with vast Nazi meetings and marches.
Who was in charge of propaganda and censorship?
Joseph Goebbels.
Who was the leader of the SS?
Heinrich Himmler.
What was the role of the SS?
Responsible for destroying opposition to the Nazis and carrying out their racial policies.
Who was the leader of the Gestapo?
Reinhard Heydrich.
What was the role of the Gestapo?
To arrest people on suspicion and send people to concentration camps without trial.
Who were the leaders of the White Rose Group?
Hans and Sophie Scholl.
Who were the White Rose Group?
Students at Munich University who used leaflets, posters and graffiti to criticise the Nazis.
What happened to Hans and Sophie Scholl?
They were arrested, tortured and killed.
Who were the Swing Youth?
Middle-class teenagers who rebelled against Nazi values by eg. listening to American Jazz music.
Who were the Eidelweiss Pirates?
Mainly working class teenagers who made fun of the Nazis and their policies.
How many Eidelweiss Pirates were hung and why?
12 for espionage.
In what year did the July bomb plot occur?
1944.
What happened to the plotters of the July bomb plot?
They were all executed.
