germany: the depression Flashcards
In what year was the Wall Street Crash?
1929.
How many people were unemployed by 1932?
6 million.
What were 3 of the Nazi’s promises?
~To make Germany great again
~To abolish the Treaty of Versailles
~To end the economic crisis
Who were the 4 groups of people the Nazis blamed for Germany’s problems?
~The November Criminals
~France and Britain
~Communists
~Jews
Who led Nazi propaganda?
Joseph Goebbels.
Who were the SA?
Hitler’s stormtroopers that developed in the 1920s from the Freikorps who wore smart, brown uniforms.
The SA’s smart uniforms gave an impression of…
Law and order.
Who did the SA often have support from?
The police and the army.
Proportional representation ensured that…
All groups in Germany were well represented in the Reichstag.
Who was Germany’s chancellor between 1930 and 1932?
Chancellor Brüning.
How did Chancellor Brüning deal with the problem of disagreement and lack of action in the Reichstag?
By getting President Hindenburg to use Article 48.
What did Brüning cut in 1930 using the power of Article 48?
Government spending and welfare benefits.
In what year did Hindenburg and Brüning call an election?
1930.
How many seats did the Nazi party win in the 1930 election?
107.
How many seats did the Nazi party win in the 1928 election?
12.
Who was the largest party after the 1930 election?
Still the social democrats.
In what year were there 2 further elections?
1932.
How many seats did the Nazi party gain in the July 1932 election?
230.
How many seats did the Nazi party gain in the November 1932 election?
- (largest party but still didn’t have the majority).
Who did Hitler stand against in the 1932 presidential election?
President Hindenburg.
In 1932, how many votes did Hitler gain compared to Hindenburg?
Hindenburg gained 19 million whereas Hitler only gained 13 million.
Who was made chancellor first in 1932?
Von Papen.
When did Von Papen resign and who took over?
December 1932 and Von Schleicher took over.
Why did Hindenburg appoint Hitler as chancellor?
He was the leader of the largest party (left Hindenburg with no choice) and Hindenburg and Von Papen thought Hitler could be controlled if Von Papen was vice-chancellor.
On what day did Hitler become chancellor?
30th of January 1933.
When did Hitler call an election once he was chancellor?
Immediately in March 1933.
When was the Reichstag fire?
27th of February 1933.
Who was blamed for the Reichstag fire?
Marinus van der Lubbe and the communists.
Hitler used the Reichstag fire as an excuse to…
Pass an emergency law to give the police the power to arrest people without trial.
How many communists were arrested after the Reichstag fire?
4000.
How many seats did the Nazi party get in the March 5th 1933 election?
288 (majority!!).
When was the enabling act introduced?
March 1933.
Why did the Reichstag approve of the Enabling act?
As Hitler intimidated the members with the SA and the SS.
As trade unions were banned, what did all German workers have to join?
The new Nazi controlled German Labour Front.
When was the threat of the SA removed?
On the Night of the Long Knives.
How big was the SA before the Night of the Long Knives?
2.5 million members.
What was the SA seen as a threat/ rival to?
Hitler’s control and the official German army.
When was the Night of the Long Knives?
June 1934.
Who was the leader of the SA?
Ernst Rohm.
When did Hitler become the fuhrer?
August 1934.
When did President Hindenburg die and at what age?
In August 1934 at age 84.
What oath did the army have to swear to?
An oath of personal loyalty to Hitler.
