health and the people: surgery Flashcards
Who was John Arderne?
A successful surgeon who developed a pain-killing ointment from herbs in the medieval period
What did Theodoric of Lucca do in the medieval period?
Used wine/alcohol to clean wounds [didn’t prevent infection from spreading]
What did Ambroise Paré do in 1536 [Renaissance period]?
~Discovered wounds healed better when treated with egg yolk and rose oil
~Tied arteries with ligatures during amputations
What did John Hunter do in the Renaissance period?
~Studied anatomy from dissecting corpses which advanced surgical procedures
~Taught his students to study patients carefully and experiment to test ideas
When did the Royal College of Surgeons open?
1800
What did James Simpson do in 1847?
Discovered chloroform which was an effective anaesthetic (used by Queen Victoria during her many childbirths)
Why did Chloroform face opposition from the public?
~Long term side effects were unknown
~Dosage was difficult and some died from overdoses
~Could cause dizziness and unconsciousness
What did Joseph Lister do in 1864?
He linked Louis Pasteur’s germ theory of 1861 to bacteria which caused infection
How did Joseph Lister reduce his operation mortality rates from 46% to 15% in 3 years?
By using carbolic acid to to soak wounds in and clean hands and equipment with
Why did blood transfusions fail in the 19th century?
Blood groups hadn’t been discovered yet.
What procedures in operating theatres were introduced in the 19th century?
~Theatres were rigorously scrubbed
~Ensured staff were scrubbed and cleaned
~Protective clothing like gowns and gloves were worn
~Medical instruments were sterilised
When were blood groups discovered?
1901
How long could blood be stored for during WW1 when packed in ice?
Up to 28 days
What did Harold Gillies develop in WW1?
Skin grafting to repair faces and body parts damaged in battle.
How did Sir Archibald Mcindoe develop this further in WW2?
He began to treat pilots who were burned in the Battle of Britain
