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U.S. History > WORLD WAR II (PART TWO) > Flashcards

WORLD WAR II (PART TWO) Flashcards

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1
Q

what were some reasons that Japan attacked the U.S.?

A

US did not like Japan’s aggressive tactics in Asia
FDR limited what Japan buys from US
US and Japanese diplomats sign a peace treaty
militant officer supported war with the US
half of the US naval fleet was held here
wanted to cripple US and achieve Asia before US rebuilt

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2
Q

what caused FDR to ask Congress to declare war?

A

the attack on Pearl Harbor

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3
Q

what was the Atlantic Charter?

A

an agreement between FDR and Winston Churchill that outlined the US and Britain’s war goals and later forms the basis for the United Nations

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4
Q

who was part of the Axis Powers?

A

Germany, Italy, and Japan

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5
Q

who was part of the Allied Powers?

A

US, Britain, France, and USSR

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6
Q

what was the Casablanca Conference?

A

FDR and Churchill meet in Morocco to create a strategy; deal with Europe first before war in Pacific and agreed to nothing less than “unconditional surrender” of the Axis Powers

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7
Q

what happened at the Battle of Stalingrad?

A

Germans invade Soviet Union but had a disadvantage because of the cold weather

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8
Q

what was a major turning point in the war for the Allies?

A

the Battle of Stalingrad because Germans were freezing and had no supplies; surrendered and lost many troops

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9
Q

what is carpet bombing?

A

a technique which planes scattered large numbers of bombs over a wide area

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10
Q

what did Britain use in bombing Germany?

A

carpet bombing; aircraft factories, railway lines, bridges, and cities were destroyed to prevent Germany to keep fighting

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11
Q

what was Operation Overlord?

A

a massive military attack that was launched by Britain that was kept a secret from Germany

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12
Q

when was D-Day?

A

June 6, 1944

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13
Q

what happened on D-Day?

A

Allied troops stormed the shoreline of Normandy and was considered the largest landing by sea in history

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14
Q

what happened at the Battle of the Bulge?

A

Germany launched a counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg and pushed back the US First Army

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15
Q

what was the largest battle fought by the US Army and in all of Western Europe?

A

Battle of the Bulge

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16
Q

what were many of the Nazi leaders aware of after the Battle of the Bulge?

A

the war would be over after the battle

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17
Q

what did Japan use as a base for further expansion into Europe after they experienced a boom in their population?

A

Manchuria

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18
Q

what happened at the Battle of Midway?

A

a wave of Japanese bombers attacked the island; the US destroyed 3 of 4 Japanese carriers and the Japanese were unable to launch any more operations

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19
Q

suicide planes used by Japanese; pilots loaded aircraft with bombs and then deliberately crashed them into enemy ships to inflict maximum damage

A

Kamikazes

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20
Q

what was two of the bloodiest battles in the Pacific?

A

Battle of Iwo Jima and Battle of Okinawa

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21
Q

the Secret American program during WWII to develop an atomic bomb

A

Manhattan Project

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22
Q

what major people were involved with the Manhattan Project?

A

Robert Oppenheimer and Albert Einstein

23
Q

what called for the complete and unconditional surrender of Japan?

A

Potsdam Declaration

24
Q

what were other possibilities that could have happened to end the war instead of the atomic bomb?

A

massive invasion of Japan
set up naval blockade to starve Japan and bomb strikes
give a demonstration of the weapon on a deserted island
offer an unconditional surrender

25
Q

when is the atomic bomb used at Hiroshima?

A

August 6, 1945

26
Q

what was the radiation that fell back to the earth from the bomb called?

A

“black rain”

27
Q

what did Japan do after the bombing of Hiroshima?

A

they did nothing–did not surrender

28
Q

when was the second atomic bomb used in Nagasaki?

A

August 9, 1945

29
Q

what was the bomb named at Hiroshima?

A

Little Boy

30
Q

what was the bomb named at Nagasaki?

A

Fat Man

31
Q

when was V-J Day?

A

August 14, 1945

32
Q

what was V-J Day?

A

the day that Japan surrenders and accepts the American terms

33
Q

when was VE Day?

A

May 8, 1945

34
Q

what was VE Day?

A

The war in Europe was over after the remainder of Germans surrendered

35
Q

what happened to Mussolini at the end of the war?

A

he was captured and executed by Italian partisans and his body was taken to Ilan and hung upside down for public viewing

36
Q

what happened to Hitler at the end of the war?

A

a few days prior to the end of war he marries his girlfriend and commits suicide in a bunker as Soviet troops enter Berlin

37
Q

Nazi Germany’s systematic murder of European Jews

A

Holocaust

38
Q

what was another name for the Nazi elite?

A

Gestapo

39
Q

a place where political prisoners are confined under harsh conditions

A

concentration camps

40
Q

the “Night of Broken Glass”

A

Kristallnacht

41
Q

what happened at Kristallnacht?

A

Nazis looted and destroyed Jewish stores, houses, and synagogues

42
Q

the deliberate destruction of an ethnic or cultural group

A

genocide

43
Q

existed primarily for mass murder; “extermination camps”

A

death camps

44
Q

created by FDR in 1944 to help people threatened by Nazis

A

War Refugee Board

45
Q

what happened when the camps were liberated?

A

German troops moved all prisoners to German soil; many died on the way

46
Q

what were the Nuremberg Trials?

A

trials that charged Nazi leaders with war crimes

47
Q

confined in “relocation” camps in remote areas far from the coast

A

interned

48
Q

citizens born in US to Japanese immigrant parents

A

Nisei

49
Q

what did many of the Japanese find when they returned home?

A

many lost their businesses, homes, and farms

50
Q

what was the Korematsu vs United States issue?

A

Supreme Court ruled that relocation policy not based on race but on a “military urgency”

51
Q

what was passed years after the war for the Japanese?

A

Civil Liberties Act of 1988

52
Q

what is the Civil Liberties Act of 1988?

A

Congress awarded surviving Japanese-Americans internee a tax-free $20,000

53
Q

what was the Bataan Death March?

A

American and Filipino soldiers were captured and forced to surrender to the Japanese; left out in the sun without any water for many hours, many were also shot

54
Q

what day was Pearl Harbor attacked by Japan?

A

December 7, 1941

U.S. History (11 decks)

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