Unit 3: The Progressive Era Flashcards
What were the four goals of progressivism?
- protecting social welfare
- promoting moral improvement
- creating economic reform
- fostering efficiency
What does protecting social welfare consist of?
Soften the harsh conditions of industrialization
What groups were started to protect social welfare?
Social Gospel Movement(settlement houses)
YMCA: Young Men’s Christian Association
Salvation Army
What was the YMCA?
A group of men that opened libraries, sponsored classes, built swimming pools; place to go for young men
What did the Salvation Army do?
- a group of people that fed the poor in soup kitchens
- sent “slum brigades” to instruct poor immigrants in middle-class values of hard work and temperance
Who was Florence Kelley?
- an advocate for improving the lives of women and children
- was appointed as chief inspector of Illinois factories; helped pass state law banning child labor
What was the temperance movement?
An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption
What three groups dominated the temperance movement?
- Prohibition Movement
- Women’s Christian Temperance Union
- Anti-Saloon League
What did those that supported prohibition believe?
Saloons/alcohol undermined public morals
What is prohibition?
A ban on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages
What was the WCTU?
Leaders in temperance movement (Carry Nation)
What did the WCTU do?
Entered saloons:
- singing
- praying
- urging saloon owners to stop selling alcohol
How many members were part of the WCTU in 1911?
245,000 members (mostly women)
What other contributions did the WCTU do?(3)
- opened kindergartens to immigrants
- visited prisoners
- worked in suffrage movement
What was the Anti-Saloon League?
Blamed immigrants for country’s alcoholic problem
What did the Anti-Saloon League do?
Worked to:
- pass laws to force people to change
- punish those who drank
What kind of people played key roles in alerting the public?
- journalists
- writers
What exposed the meat-packing industry?
Upton Sinclair’s book called “The Juggle”
What exposed political corruption?
Lincoln Steffen’s called “The Shame of Cities”
Who were Muckcrakers?
Journalists who uncover wrongdoings
What is scientific management?
Breaking manufacturing tasks into simpler parts
Who started “Taylorism,” something that has to do with scientific management?
Fredrick Winslow Taylor
What was the result of “Taylorism”?
Led to the beginning of shrinking the workday to eight hours
What was the progressive era about?
It was aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct social injustices in American life
Women that were active in public life were what?
Often educated at new women’s colleges
small percentage of upper-class
What year were women accepted into Vassar?
1865
What year were women accepted into Wellesley?
1875
What colleges refused to admit women?
later would have separate colleges for women
Harvard, Columbia and Brown
Many educated women applied ___________/________ to the reform movement.
knowledge/skills
Uneducated laborers started reforms in ______________.
workplace
What strengthened the movements?
Participation of educated women
What was “social housekeeping”?
targeted:
- workplace reform
- housing reform
- educational improvement
- food and drug laws
What was the NACW?
The National Association of Colored Women was founded in 1896
What did the NACW involve?
Campaigns in favor of women’s suffrage and against lynching/Jim Crow laws
Who were the founders of the NACW?
- Harriet Tubman
- Ida B. Wells
What was the most important African American women’s movement group?
NACW
What is suffrage?
The right to vote
How many years did women’s organizations actively campaign for the right to vote?
70 years
T or F
Many people, including women, did NOT want women to have the right to vote.
TRUE
What did many suffragists face when hearing these arguments?
Confrontation including:
- ridicule
- threats
- violence
Who were some major suffrage leaders?
- Elizabeth Cady Staton
- Susan B. Anthony
Who was Susan B. Anthony?
A tireless strategist and organizer
Who was Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
A skilled speaker and writer
They both fought into the ____ century.
20th
What was the Seneca Falls Convention?
Women split over the 14th and 15th amendments which granted equal rights (including the right to vote for African American Men) but excluded women
Who were some leaders that were part of the National Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)?
- Susan B. Anthony
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- Lucy Stone
- Julia Ward Howe
Who was arrested for “civil disobedience”?
Susan B. Anthony where she led a group of women to the polls in Rochester New York where she insisted on voting
What is “civil disobedience”?
A nonviolent refusal to obey a law in an effort to change it
What did the liquor industry fear?
That women would vote in support of Prohibition
What did the textile industry worry about?
That women would vote for restrictions for child labor
What did men fear?
The changing role of women in society
What did the American Women Suffrage Association work on to win voting rights?
Moved to the state level
What state entered union as first state to grant women suffrage (1869)?
Wyoming
What other states followed Wyoming in the 1890s?
Utah, Colorado, Idaho
What did western states do to be able to survive on the frontier?
Combined efforts of both men and women which encouraged a greater sense of equality
What did the 14th Amendment state?
Declared that they would lose congressional representation of their male citizens were denied the right to vote
In 1875 what did the Supreme Court rule out?
Women were indeed citizens but would later say that citizenship does not automatically mean right to vote
What did the NAWSA concentrate their efforts on?
The 14th Amendment and granting women the right to vote
For 41 years they fought to have an amendment introduced to Congress but __________.
failed
Pushing forth a national law proved much more _________.
difficult
The law kept stalling in the ___________ and was not revisited until 1913.
Senate
By 1890, women had won many rights such as:
buying, selling and will property
Younger women started to join the _____________.
movement
What new leaders took over when Staton and Anthony died?
- Carrie Chapman Catt
- Alice Paul
What three major developments were made when women’s suffrage won?
- increased activism of local groups
- use of bold new strategies to build enthusiasm
- rebirth of national movement under Carrie Chapman Catt
What were the five tactics that Catt used in the National Movement:
- organization
- close ties between local, state and national workers
- establishing a wide base of support
- cautious lobbying
- gracious, lady-like behavior
What kind of strategies did Alice Paul use in her movement?
radical strategies like picketing the White House
What did the 19th amendment state?
Passed legislation in 1919 granting women the right to vote
The 19th Amendment won final ratification in August if what year?
1920
