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U.S. History > Unit 1: Industrialization > Flashcards

Unit 1: Industrialization Flashcards

1
Q

What did Thomas Edison’s invention do?

A

Ran numerous machines

manufacturers located their plants wherever they wanted

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2
Q

What was the impact of Thomas Edison’s invention?

A

Convenient source of energy became available in homes and spurred the invention of time-saving appliances created (new jobs for women)

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3
Q

What did Alexander Graham Bell invent?

A

Telephone

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4
Q

What did Alexander Graham Bell’s invention do?

A

Made communication easier and quicker

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5
Q

What kind of impact did Alexander Graham Bell’s invention have on society?

A

Much faster way to communicate even NOW

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6
Q

What was Edwin L. Drake’s invention?

A

He had a breakthrough when he successfully used a steam engine

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7
Q

What did Edwin’s breakthrough discover?

A

Removing oil from the ground became practical

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8
Q

How did this breakthrough impact society?

A

An oil boom spread through five states

oil&raquo_space;> gasoline

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9
Q

What did Christopher Sholes invent?

A

Typewriter

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10
Q

What did Christopher Sholes’ invention do?

A

Documents and letters that may have been hand-written were now typed

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11
Q

What was the impact of Christopher Sholes’ invention?

A

Made office and factory jobs more efficient

created new jobs for women

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12
Q

What did Henry Bessemer create?

A

The Bessemer Process

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13
Q

What did the Bessemer Process do?

A

Removed carbon and other impurities from iron to make steal

It was lighter and flexible

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14
Q

What was the impact of the Bessemer Process?

A

90% of the nation’s steal was being made by this

replaced by the open-hearth process

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15
Q

Patents–

A

Licenses that give the inventor exclusive rights to make, sell, or use an invention for a set period of time

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16
Q

What did business leaders invest in?

A

New inventions

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17
Q

Financial investors and _________ _________ created new industries!!

A

American Ingenuity

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18
Q

By the 1900s American standard of living was what?

A

Highest in the world

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19
Q

What increased in the 1900s?

A

Immigration urbanization

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20
Q

Individuals’ daily lives changed–

A
  • Night/day (work less, more leisure time)

- Refrigeration: preserved food more efficiently

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21
Q

Transformation in the workplace–

A

-Helped to improve the productivity of the business world
Example: sewing machines
-Created new jobs

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22
Q

Who improved the method for producing the filament in light bulbs?

A

Lewis Latimer

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23
Q

What did George Westinghouse known for?

A

The alternating current and the “transformer”

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24
Q

What was the alternating current?

A

Generated more cheaply and travel longer distances

25
What was named after George Westinghouse?
General Electric & Westinghouse Electric
26
What advancements did Samuel Morse contribute to new communication?
Perfected sending messages over the wires
27
Morse Code--
Short and long electrical impulses to represent letters
28
Other communication advances--
Telegraph (Western Union Telegraph Company)
29
Transcontinental Railroad--
Railway extended from coast to coast
30
Transcontinental railroad was funded by ___________ _____________.
Federal Government
31
What did the railroad strengthen?
The country's economic infrastructure
32
Huge loans were given to what railroads?
Central Pacific Railroad and Union Pacific Railroad
33
The _________ and _________ immigrants had dangerous work and low-pay
Chinese, Irish
34
How did railroads and industry revolutionize business and industry?
- Faster/more practical means of transporting goods - Lowers costs of production - Creation of national markets - A model for big business - Stimulation for other industries
35
What was the transcontinental railroad?
A railroad line linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States
36
Why was the transcontinental railroad important to the United States?
They were able to travel farther distances for war
37
Problems employees of the railroad companies faced--
- attacks by Native Americans - accidents - diseases - weather conditions - geography
38
Pullman employee in the Town of Pullman--
- lived in clean, well-constructed brick houses with at least one window - had doctors offices, shops, and athletic field - company controlled >>> led to strikes
39
Why is George Pullman a significant figure in history?
He demonstrates how the desire for control and profit could lead to self-serving corruption
40
Companies use their power to hurt farmers
- misuse of land grants - entered into formal agreements >> helped keep farmers in their debt - charged different people different rates
41
Interstate Commerce Act--
Reestablished the right of the federal government to supervise railroads
42
Who is the Steel Industry Tycoon?
Andrew Carnegie
43
Because of the success due to management practices...
Andrew Carnegie made better products more cheaply
44
What did Andrew Carnegie practice?
Vertical Integration
45
What is vertical integration
A process in which a company takes over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain total control over quality and cost of its products
46
What is horizontal integration?
Companies producing similar products merge or are bought out (creates a monopoly or trust)
47
Who was the Oil Industry Tycoon?
John D. Rockefeller
48
What did John D. Rockefeller practice?
Horizontal integration
49
What was John D. Rockefeller's strategy?
Bought put all of his competitors through trusts
50
John had complete control over what?
- production - wages - prices
51
What company did John D. Rockefeller start?
The Standard Oil Company
52
What is a Robber Baron?
Implies that business leaders built their fortunes by stealing from the public
53
What did a Robber Baron do?
- drained the economy of its natural resources | - bribed and "persuaded" government officials to side in their favor
54
Who was known as the Robber Baron?
John D. Rockefeller
55
What helped the nation in a positive way?
The Captains of Industry
56
What did the Captains of Industries do for society?
- created jobs and expanded markets | - raised the "standard of living" for Americans
57
What kind of people were the Captains of Industry also known as?
Philanthropists
58
Who was seen as the Captain of Industry?
Andrew Carnegie
59
What was Thomas Edison's invention?
Light bulb and system for producing and distributing electrical power

U.S. History (11 decks)

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