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U.S. History > Unit 1: Industrialization > Flashcards

Unit 1: Industrialization Flashcards

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1
Q

What did Thomas Edison’s invention do?

A

Ran numerous machines

manufacturers located their plants wherever they wanted

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2
Q

What was the impact of Thomas Edison’s invention?

A

Convenient source of energy became available in homes and spurred the invention of time-saving appliances created (new jobs for women)

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3
Q

What did Alexander Graham Bell invent?

A

Telephone

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4
Q

What did Alexander Graham Bell’s invention do?

A

Made communication easier and quicker

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5
Q

What kind of impact did Alexander Graham Bell’s invention have on society?

A

Much faster way to communicate even NOW

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6
Q

What was Edwin L. Drake’s invention?

A

He had a breakthrough when he successfully used a steam engine

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7
Q

What did Edwin’s breakthrough discover?

A

Removing oil from the ground became practical

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8
Q

How did this breakthrough impact society?

A

An oil boom spread through five states

oil&raquo_space;> gasoline

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9
Q

What did Christopher Sholes invent?

A

Typewriter

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10
Q

What did Christopher Sholes’ invention do?

A

Documents and letters that may have been hand-written were now typed

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11
Q

What was the impact of Christopher Sholes’ invention?

A

Made office and factory jobs more efficient

created new jobs for women

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12
Q

What did Henry Bessemer create?

A

The Bessemer Process

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13
Q

What did the Bessemer Process do?

A

Removed carbon and other impurities from iron to make steal

It was lighter and flexible

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14
Q

What was the impact of the Bessemer Process?

A

90% of the nation’s steal was being made by this

replaced by the open-hearth process

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15
Q

Patents–

A

Licenses that give the inventor exclusive rights to make, sell, or use an invention for a set period of time

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16
Q

What did business leaders invest in?

A

New inventions

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17
Q

Financial investors and _________ _________ created new industries!!

A

American Ingenuity

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18
Q

By the 1900s American standard of living was what?

A

Highest in the world

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19
Q

What increased in the 1900s?

A

Immigration urbanization

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20
Q

Individuals’ daily lives changed–

A
  • Night/day (work less, more leisure time)

- Refrigeration: preserved food more efficiently

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21
Q

Transformation in the workplace–

A

-Helped to improve the productivity of the business world
Example: sewing machines
-Created new jobs

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22
Q

Who improved the method for producing the filament in light bulbs?

A

Lewis Latimer

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23
Q

What did George Westinghouse known for?

A

The alternating current and the “transformer”

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24
Q

What was the alternating current?

A

Generated more cheaply and travel longer distances

25
Q

What was named after George Westinghouse?

A

General Electric & Westinghouse Electric

26
Q

What advancements did Samuel Morse contribute to new communication?

A

Perfected sending messages over the wires

27
Q

Morse Code–

A

Short and long electrical impulses to represent letters

28
Q

Other communication advances–

A

Telegraph (Western Union Telegraph Company)

29
Q

Transcontinental Railroad–

A

Railway extended from coast to coast

30
Q

Transcontinental railroad was funded by ___________ _____________.

A

Federal Government

31
Q

What did the railroad strengthen?

A

The country’s economic infrastructure

32
Q

Huge loans were given to what railroads?

A

Central Pacific Railroad and Union Pacific Railroad

33
Q

The _________ and _________ immigrants had dangerous work and low-pay

A

Chinese, Irish

34
Q

How did railroads and industry revolutionize business and industry?

A
  • Faster/more practical means of transporting goods
  • Lowers costs of production
  • Creation of national markets
  • A model for big business
  • Stimulation for other industries
35
Q

What was the transcontinental railroad?

A

A railroad line linking the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States

36
Q

Why was the transcontinental railroad important to the United States?

A

They were able to travel farther distances for war

37
Q

Problems employees of the railroad companies faced–

A
  • attacks by Native Americans
  • accidents
  • diseases
  • weather conditions
  • geography
38
Q

Pullman employee in the Town of Pullman–

A
  • lived in clean, well-constructed brick houses with at least one window
  • had doctors offices, shops, and athletic field
  • company controlled&raquo_space;> led to strikes
39
Q

Why is George Pullman a significant figure in history?

A

He demonstrates how the desire for control and profit could lead to self-serving corruption

40
Q

Companies use their power to hurt farmers

A
  • misuse of land grants
  • entered into formal agreements&raquo_space; helped keep farmers in their debt
  • charged different people different rates
41
Q

Interstate Commerce Act–

A

Reestablished the right of the federal government to supervise railroads

42
Q

Who is the Steel Industry Tycoon?

A

Andrew Carnegie

43
Q

Because of the success due to management practices…

A

Andrew Carnegie made better products more cheaply

44
Q

What did Andrew Carnegie practice?

A

Vertical Integration

45
Q

What is vertical integration

A

A process in which a company takes over its suppliers and distributors and transportation systems to gain total control over quality and cost of its products

46
Q

What is horizontal integration?

A

Companies producing similar products merge or are bought out
(creates a monopoly or trust)

47
Q

Who was the Oil Industry Tycoon?

A

John D. Rockefeller

48
Q

What did John D. Rockefeller practice?

A

Horizontal integration

49
Q

What was John D. Rockefeller’s strategy?

A

Bought put all of his competitors through trusts

50
Q

John had complete control over what?

A
  • production
  • wages
  • prices
51
Q

What company did John D. Rockefeller start?

A

The Standard Oil Company

52
Q

What is a Robber Baron?

A

Implies that business leaders built their fortunes by stealing from the public

53
Q

What did a Robber Baron do?

A
  • drained the economy of its natural resources

- bribed and “persuaded” government officials to side in their favor

54
Q

Who was known as the Robber Baron?

A

John D. Rockefeller

55
Q

What helped the nation in a positive way?

A

The Captains of Industry

56
Q

What did the Captains of Industries do for society?

A
  • created jobs and expanded markets

- raised the “standard of living” for Americans

57
Q

What kind of people were the Captains of Industry also known as?

A

Philanthropists

58
Q

Who was seen as the Captain of Industry?

A

Andrew Carnegie

59
Q

What was Thomas Edison’s invention?

A

Light bulb and system for producing and distributing electrical power

U.S. History (11 decks)

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